Elevated risk of infection in individuals with hyperinsulinaemic type 2 diabetes: a Danish 12 year cohort study.

Aims/hypothesis: A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying an elevated infection risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes is needed to guide risk stratification and prevention. We investigated the risk of infection in subgroups of individuals with type 2 diabetes according to indices of insulin sensitivity and beta cell function.

Methods: We classified 7265 individuals with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes (median duration 1.

Does the association between physical activity during work and leisure and blood pressure differ across sex? A cross-sectional compositional data analysis in a Danish population-based cohort.

Background: A proposed risk factor for cardiovascular disease is high occupational physical activity (OPA), which seems to increase blood pressure (BP), in contrast to leisure time physical activity. Increased BP may lead to hypertension that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death. Exposures to OPA differ across sex and also within occupational group.

Proteomic biomarkers and pathway analysis for progression to heart failure in three epidemiological representative cohorts.

Aims: Biomarkers associated with asymptomatic ventricular dysfunction might improve risk stratification and identify pathways leading to heart failure (HF). We explored the association between proteomic biomarkers and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), diastolic dysfunction (DD) and incident HF in three population-based cohorts.

Methods And Results: A chip was used to measure 92 protein biomarkers in blood samples from >1500 Malmö Preventive Project (MPP) participants, of whom 514 had LVH (34%), 462 had DD (32.

Microscopic Particle Image Velocimetry Analysis of Multiphase Flow in a Porous Media Micromodel.

Pore-scale oil displacement behavior was investigated in a porous media micromodel using microscopic particle image velocimetry (μPIV). Porous media micromodels consisting of an ordered square array of cylindrical pillars with 50 and 70% porosities were fabricated with photolithography. The oil displacement was performed with the injection of water at flow rates of 37.

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Ongoing monitoring and targeted treatment are important to ensure the best blood-pressure control and thus prevent cardiovascular risks. In this review, we evaluate the findings of four clinical studies investigating the effects of morning versus bedtime dosing of antihypertensives. In three out of four studies, overwhelming results were found favouring bedtime dosing.

Low birthweight in patients with type 2 diabetes is associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular events and mortality.

Aims/hypothesis: Low birthweight is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and CVD. This prospective cohort study investigated whether lower birthweight increases CVD risk after diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Original midwife records were evaluated for 8417 participants recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in the Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes (DD2) cohort.

Safety considerations in the treatment with anti-CGRP(R) monoclonal antibodies in patients with migraine.

Background: Anti-CGRP-(receptor-)monoclonal antibodies (anti-CGRP(R)-mAbs) represent a novel class of drugs for migraine treatment, but their long-term cerebrovascular and cardiovascular (CV) safety warrants further examination.

Methods: In this observational cohort study we assessed the CV safety for erenumab and fremanezumab in a real-world setting during a follow-up period of at least 1 year. Patients with hypertension or CV history were excluded.

Prognostic Value of Cardiovascular Biomarkers in the Population.

Importance: Identification of individuals at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease within the population is important to inform primary prevention strategies.

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of routinely available cardiovascular biomarkers when added to established risk factors.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Individual-level analysis including data on cardiovascular biomarkers from 28 general population-based cohorts from 12 countries and 4 continents with assessments by participant age.

The Impact of Education Level on Weight Loss in a Primary Care-Anchored eHealth Lifestyle Coaching Program in Denmark: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

In a randomized controlled trial including 340 people living with obesity, with and without type 2 diabetes, digital coaching has induced significant long-term weight loss compared to the usual methods of care. We investigated whether education level influenced this weight loss and which lifestyle changes supported the digital lifestyle coaching program. The intervention consisted of a 1 h face-to-face motivational interview followed by digital coaching using behavioral change techniques.

Low-grade inflammation in persons with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes: The role of abdominal adiposity and putative mediators.

Aims: To determine the magnitude of the association between abdominal adiposity and low-grade inflammation in persons with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) and to determine to what extent this association is mediated by low physical activity level, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, and comorbidities.

Materials And Methods: We measured waist circumference, clinical characteristics, and inflammatory markers i.e.

Development and validation of the ASGARD risk score for safe monitoring in asymptomatic nonsevere aortic stenosis.

Aims: Current guidelines recommend serial echocardiography at minimum 1-2 year intervals for monitoring patients with nonsevere aortic valve stenosis (AS), which is costly and often clinically inconsequential.We aimed to develop and test whether the biomarker-based ASGARD risk score (Aortic Valve Stenosis Guarded by Amplified Risk Determination) can guide the timing of echocardiograms in asymptomatic patients with nonsevere AS.

Methods: The development cohort comprised 1,093 of 1,589 (69%) asymptomatic patients with mild-to-moderate AS who remained event-free one year after inclusion into the SEAS trial.

N-Terminal Pro-Brain Type Natriuretic Peptide Predicts Cardiovascular Events Independently of Arterial Stiffness, Assessed By Carotid-to-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity, in Apparently Healthy Subjects.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate whether N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) carried independent prognostic value in predicting cardiovascular events in apparently healthy individuals beyond traditional risk factors.

Methods: A total of 1,872 participants aged 41, 51, 61, or 71 years from the MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease (MONICA) study were included. Traditional risk factors were assessed, including: smoking status; mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure; body mass index; fasting plasma glucose; serum triglycerides; total, high-density, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NT-proBNP; and PWV.

A multidisciplinary, shared care clinic using personalized medicine and coordinated care in patients with concomitant type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Protocol and baseline characteristics.

Background: Concomitant type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is frequent with a poor prognosis with high risk of comorbidities. Strict risk factor control reduces the risk for complications - yet many people do not achieve treatment targets. The complexity and fragmentation of the healthcare system may, together with the vulnerability of these patients, be a reason.

Blood pressure responses to testosterone therapy are amplified by hematocrit levels in opioid-induced androgen deficiency: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Our study aimed to examine the effect of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on blood pressure in opioid-treated men with relative hypogonadism, and whether the effect of TRT on blood pressure was modified by body composition, red blood cell levels, or carotid intima media thickness. Men (over 18 years old) receiving opioid treatment and total testosterone less than 12 nmol were randomly assigned to receive either TRT or placebo. Baseline and 6-month measurements included anthropometric measurements, office blood pressure (OBPM), 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, blood samples, and carotid ultrasound.

Improving the accuracy of blood pressure measuring devices in Australia: a modelled return on investment study.

The VALID BP project was initiated to increase the availability of validated blood pressure measuring devices (BPMDs). The goal is to eliminate non validated BPMDs and minimise over- and underdiagnosis of hypertension caused by inaccurate readings. This study was undertaken to assess the potential return on investment in the VALID BP project.

Intima-media thickness at the near or far wall of the common carotid artery in cardiovascular risk assessment.

Aims: Current guidelines recommend measuring carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) at the far wall of the common carotid artery (CCA). We aimed to precisely quantify associations of near vs. far wall CCA-IMT with the risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD, defined as coronary heart disease or stroke) and their added predictive values.

Effects of adding exercise to usual care on blood pressure in patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, or cardiovascular disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.

Introduction: Exercise is the most recommended lifestyle intervention in managing hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and/or cardiovascular disease; however, evidence in lowering blood pressure is still inconsistent and often underpowered.

Method: We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized clinical trials adding any form of trialist defined exercise to usual care versus usual care and its effect on systolic blood pressure (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in participants with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, or cardiovascular disease searched in different databases from inception to July 2020. Our methodology was based on PRISMA and Cochrane Risk of Bias-version1.

Innovative approaches to integrating gender into conventional maize breeding: lessons from the Seed Production Technology for Africa project.

The integration of gender concerns in crop breeding programs aims to improve the suitability and appeal of new varieties to both women and men, in response to concerns about unequal adoption of improved seed. However, few conventional breeding programs have sought to center social inclusion concerns. This community case study documents efforts to integrate gender into the maize-focused Seed Production Technology for Africa (SPTA) project using innovation history analysis drawing on project documents and the authors' experiences.

A six-month low-carbohydrate diet high in fat does not adversely affect endothelial function or markers of low-grade inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes: an open-label randomized controlled trial.

Background: While a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) reduces HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), the associated high intake of fat may adversely affect cardiovascular risk factors. To address this, we examined the effect of a non-calorie-restricted LCD high in fat on endothelial function and markers of low-grade inflammation in T2D over 6 months.

Methods: In an open-label randomized controlled trial, 71 patients with T2D were randomized 2:1 to either a LCD (< 20 E% carbohydrates, 50-60 E% fat) or a control diet (50-60 E% carbohydrates, 20-30 E% fat) for six months.