ADHD in children and adolescents: Review of current practice of non-pharmacological and behavioural management.

Attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the commonest childhood neurodevelopmental disorder, affecting 3 to 9% by school age, and often persists into adulthood. ADHD in children and young people (CYP) has wide ranging multi-modal impacts on the affected CYP, their carers and the society. Co-morbidity with other neurodevelopmental, behavioural and emotional disorders is the rule rather than exception.

The impact of Covid-19 pandemic on services for children and adolescents with ADHD: results from a survey of paediatricians in the United Kingdom.

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has led to huge disruptions and multi-domain healthcare crisis, with additional impact on children and young people (CYP) affected by Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Methods: We conducted an online survey and obtained responses from 62 Paediatricians who provide ADHD services for CYP about their experience of Service disruption and adaptations during the first Covid-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom between March and June 2020. The responses were both quantitative and qualitative.

Community paediatricians' experience of joint working with child and adolescent mental health services: findings from a British national survey.

Objectives: Children and young people (CYP) presenting to paediatric or child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) often have needs spanning medical and psychiatric diagnoses. However, joint working between paediatrics and CAMHS remains limited. We surveyed community paediatricians in the UK to inform better strategies to improve joint working with CAMHS.

Management of sleep disorders among children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders: A practical guide for clinicians.

There is a complex relationship between sleep disorders and childhood neurodevelopmental, emotional, behavioral and intellectual disorders (NDEBID). NDEBID include several conditions such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, epilepsy and learning (intellectual) disorders. Up to 75% of children and young people (CYP) with NDEBID are known to experience different types of insomnia, compared to 3% to 36% in normally developing population.

Classification, prevalence and integrated care for neurodevelopmental and child mental health disorders: A brief overview for paediatricians.

'Neurodevelopmental disorders' comprise a group of congenital or acquired long-term conditions that are attributed to disturbance of the brain and or neuromuscular system and create functional limitations, including autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, tic disorder/ Tourette's syndrome, developmental language disorders and intellectual disability. Cerebral palsy and epilepsy are often associated with these conditions within the broader framework of paediatric neurodisability. Co-occurrence with each other and with other mental health disorders including anxiety and mood disorders and behavioural disturbance is often the norm.

Involvement of community paediatricians in the care of children and young people with mental health difficulties in the UK: implications for case ascertainment by child and adolescent psychiatric, and paediatric surveillance systems.

Objective: To ascertain the extent to which community paediatricians are involved in the care of children with mental health conditions in order to determine which difficulties are appropriate for single or joint surveillance by the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit (BPSU) and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Surveillance System (CAPSS).

Design: An online survey of the 1120 members of the British Association of Community Child Health (BACCH) working in 169 Community Child Health (CCH) services in the UK.

Results: A total of 245 community paediatricians responded to the survey.

Tandem Mass Tag-Based Serum Proteome Profiling for Biomarker Discovery in Young Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Boys.

Blood-accessible molecular biomarkers are becoming highly attractive tools to assess disease progression and response to therapies in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) especially in very young patients for whom other outcome measures remain subjective and challenging. In this study, we have standardized a highly specific and reproducible multiplexing mass spectrometry method using the tandem mass tag (TMT) strategy in combination with depletion of abundant proteins from serum and high-pH reversed-phase peptide fractionation. Differential proteome profiling of 4 year-old DMD boys ( = 9) and age-matched healthy controls ( = 9) identified 38 elevated and 50 decreased serum proteins (adjusted < 0.

Disease-specific and glucocorticoid-responsive serum biomarkers for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

Extensive biomarker discoveries for DMD have occurred in the past 7 years, and a vast array of these biomarkers were confirmed in independent cohorts and across different laboratories. In these previous studies, glucocorticoids and age were two major confounding variables. In this new study, using SomaScan technology and focusing on a subset of young DMD patients who were not yet treated with glucocorticoids, we identified 108 elevated and 70 decreased proteins in DMD relative to age matched healthy controls (p value < 0.

Review of the evidence for the management of co-morbid Tic disorders in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents, with prevalence ranging between 5% and 12% in the developed countries. Tic disorders (TD) are common co-morbidities in paediatric ADHD patients with or without pharmacotherapy treatment. There has been conflicting evidence of the role of psychostimulants in either precipitating or exacerbating TDs in ADHD patients.

Behavioural and emotional disorders in childhood: A brief overview for paediatricians.

Mental health problems in children and adolescents include several types of emotional and behavioural disorders, including disruptive, depression, anxiety and pervasive developmental (autism) disorders, characterized as either internalizing or externalizing problems. Disruptive behavioural problems such as temper tantrums, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional, defiant or conduct disorders are the commonest behavioural problems in preschool and school age children. The routine Paediatric clinic or Family Medicine/General Practitioner surgery presents with several desirable characteristics that make them ideal for providing effective mental health services to children and adolescents.

Endothelial proliferation modulates neuron-glia survival and differentiation in ischemic stress.

Background: Recent studies have shown that endothelial proliferation and angiogenic response are characteristic of degenerative events, such that the magnitude of endothelial activation is reflective of the progression of neurodegeneration.

Purpose: This study sets out to, compare, the degenerative changes seen in the parietal cortex (PC) and periventricular zone (PVZ) after cyanide toxicity or vascular occlusion.

Methods: Global vascular occlusion (VO) and cyanide toxicity (CN) were induced in separate sets of male adult wistar rats for 10 days (treatment phase).

Some factors affecting rubella seronegative prevalence among pregnant women in a North West England region between April 2011 and March 2013.

Background: Rubella is usually a mild viral illness, but during pregnancy, it can have potentially devastating effects causing fetal losses and severe congenital malformations (congenital rubella syndrome). Rubella is now rare in most developed countries following a successful vaccination programme. We aimed to investigate differences in epidemiological profile of pregnant women screened antenatally in Liverpool to identify risk factors for rubella immunity.

Nicotine-Cadmium Interaction Alters Exploratory Motor Function and Increased Anxiety in Adult Male Mice.

In this study we evaluated the time dependence in cadmium-nicotine interaction and its effect on motor function, anxiety linked behavioural changes, serum electrolytes, and weight after acute and chronic treatment in adult male mice. Animals were separated randomly into four groups of n = 6 animals each. Treatment was done with nicotine, cadmium, or nicotine-cadmium for 21 days.

When should we be conducting thyroid function tests in newborns and young infants?

An audit of local practice was undertaken as regards requests for thyroid function tests (TFT) in children aged between birth and 3 months at two local hospitals in South West England between 2005 and 2008. A total of 406 tests were performed (2.6 tests per week) over a 2-year period at a teaching hospital (70 tests per 1000 live births yearly), with 233 tests (1.

Effects of storage on the physicochemical and antibacterial properties of human milk.

Storage of human milk for limited periods of time is unavoidable in neonatal units and also in the home where increasing numbers of mothers go back to work soon after delivery. Many mothers, convinced of the importance of prolonged exclusive or complementary breast-feeding, often express and store human milk for use during the period of separation. This study examines the effects of different storage methods on the pH and some antibacterial activities of human milk.