Occurrence and Progression of Dental Abnormalities in the Black Fronted Duiker () Due to Deficient Diet and Extreme Weather Phenomena.

This study aims to assess the contributory and predisposing effects of prolonged drought and climate phenomena on the occurrence of dental abnormalities among three age groups of the black duiker (). 36 skulls comprised of 18 females and 18 males were examined. Each group consisted of 8 kids (age range 0-10 months) (4 males and 4 females), 14 mature individuals (age range 1-3 years) (7 males and 7 females) and 14 adults (age range older than 3½ years) (7 males and 7 females).

Paclitaxel: Application in Modern Oncology and Nanomedicine-Based Cancer Therapy.

Paclitaxel is a broad-spectrum anticancer compound, which was derived mainly from a medicinal plant, in particular, from the bark of the yew tree Nutt. It is a representative of a class of diterpene taxanes, which are nowadays used as the most common chemotherapeutic agent against many forms of cancer. It possesses scientifically proven anticancer activity against, e.

Sodium acetate ameliorated systemic and renal oxidative stress in high-fructose insulin-resistant pregnant Wistar rats.

Pregnancy is an insulin-resistant condition especially at near term predisposing maternal kidneys to hyperinsulinemia-induced oxidative stress. The impact of fructose on renal metabolic dysregulation and oxidative stress in pregnancy requires elucidation. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are known for protective roles in oxidative stress conditions.

Frequent exposure to varied home cage sizes alters pain sensitivity and some key inflammation-related biomarkers.

Background: Nature and size of rodent cages vary from one laboratory or country to another. Little is however known about the physiological implications of exposure to diverse cage sizes in animal-based experiments.

Method: Here, two groups of male Swiss mice (Control group - Cage stationed, and Test group - Cage migrated) were used for this study.

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition protects the liver of insulin-resistant female rats against triglyceride accumulation by suppressing uric acid.

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition has been shown to exert beneficial effects against insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. Combined oral contraceptive (COC) treatment is associated with impaired glucose and lipid metabolism but the mechanisms are elusive. We therefore, hypothesized that DPP-4 inhibition ameliorates COC-induced glucose dysregulation and hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation through adenosine deaminase (ADA) /xanthine oxidase (XO) /uric acid-dependent pathway.

Sodium acetate improves disrupted glucoregulation and hepatic triglyceride content in insulin-resistant female rats: involvement of adenosine deaminase and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activities.

Combined oral contraceptive (COC) treatment has been shown to be associated with glucose deregulation and increased triglyceride levels, but the mechanisms are elusive. Soluble dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (sDPP-4) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) are involved in the initiation and/or progression of cardiometabolic disorders. We therefore, hypothesized that increased DPP-4 and ADA activities are involved in glucose deregulation and hepatic triglyceride accumulation induced by COC treatment.

Inhibition of adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase by valproic acid abates hepatic triglyceride accumulation independent of corticosteroids in female rats treated with estrogen-progestin.

Elevated circulating uric acid has been postulated to play an important pathophysiological role in estrogen-progestin combined oral contraceptive (COC)-induced hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. We hypothesized that disruption of glucoregulation and liver triglyceride (TG) accumulation induced by COC use would be abated by valproic acid (VPA) treatment through suppression of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities. Female Wistar rats aged 9-10 weeks were treated with a combination of estrogen-progestin COC steroids (1.

Anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects of nicotine exposure in oral contraceptive-induced insulin resistance are glucocorticoid-independent.

Background: Reports showed that estrogen-progestin oral contraceptive (COC) or tobacco smoking causes increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in premenopausal women. Studies also suggest that nicotine, a major tobacco alkaloid, may worsen or improve atherothrombotic CVD. Altered hemorheology, prothrombotic and pro-inflammatory biomarkers, have been implicated in the development of atherothrombotic CVD events.

A case of congenital left brachium agenesis (amelia, brachiomelia monobrachium) in Sahel goat ecotype.

This rare case of amelia in a doe-goat was observed in Tarka local government area, Benue State, middle belt region of Nigeria. The congenital deformity consisted of complete agenesis of the affected fore limb; the defect is commonly unilaterally manifested. The present congenitally impaired goat was approximately one and a half years old, and was a second kiddling of a normal multiparous dam.

Climate related histological changes in the stomach papillae of Cephalophus Niger (Gray 1846). Implications of climate dynamics and prolonged drought.

This study surveyed selected tissue samples obtained from the stomach compartments of the Cephalophus niger including, rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum. We utilized 40 antelope's stomach compartments, comprising of 20 males and females respectively; half of the total samples were taken during the peak period of wet seasons and the other half in dry seasons. The relative dimensions of the papillae at various locations within the fore and glandular stomach, observed under a light microscope at magnifications of x100 and x400, revealed significant variations in heights (h), curved surface area (pi rs), base area (pi r2) being a factor which determines the size of other dimensions, total surface area (pi r2 + pi rs) and cross sectional diameters between the seasons.