Differentiating Glioma Recurrence and Pseudoprogression by APTw CEST MRI.

Objectives: Recurrent glioma is highly treatment resistant due to its metabolic, cellular, and molecular heterogeneity and invasiveness. Tumor monitoring by conventional MRI has shortcomings to assess these key glioma characteristics. Recent studies introduced chemical exchange saturation transfer for metabolic imaging in oncology and assessed its diagnostic value for newly diagnosed glioma.

Intracerebral arterial blood pressure in the vasculature distal to large vessel occlusions in patients with ischemic stroke: correlation with clinical and imaging parameters.

Introduction: Mechanical thrombectomy is a highly effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) caused by large vessel occlusions (LVO). However, our understanding of the pathophysiology of AIS is still limited, particularly regarding the ischemic microenvironment distal to the occlusion.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between the intracerebral blood pressure (BP) distal to an LVO and clinical and imaging parameters.

Epineural Scarring Visualization and Noninvasive Quantification of a Severe Posttraumatic Complication: An Experimental Magnetic Resonance Neurography Study.

Aim: Peripheral nerve scarring is a severe yet common complication following nerve injury or surgery that can lead to impaired nerve function, including chronic pain and sensory or motor deficits. In this study, we aimed to establish high-resolution magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) to accurately visualize and monitor de novo-formed epineural fibrotic adhesions (EFAs) of the sciatic nerve in a rat nerve injury model.

Methods: Employing an established model to induce overshooting EFA, the study included 3 experimental groups of animals (n = 6 each): a positive control group (PC), an intervention group (IG), and a sham group.

Assessment of Tumor Cell Invasion and Radiotherapy Response in Experimental Glioma by Magnetic Resonance Elastography.

Background: Gliomas are highly invasive brain neoplasms. MRI is the most important tool to diagnose and monitor glioma but has shortcomings. In particular, the assessment of tumor cell invasion is insufficient.

Tumoral Interferon Beta Induces an Immune-Stimulatory Phenotype in Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Melanoma Brain Metastases.

Unlabelled: Type I interferons (IFN) are immune-stimulatory cytokines involved in antiviral and antitumor immune responses. They enhance the efficacy of immunogenic anticancer therapies such as radiotherapy by activating both innate and adaptive immune cells. Macrophages are one of the most abundant innate immune cells in the immune microenvironment of melanoma brain metastases (MBM) and can exert potent immune-suppressive functions.

Concurrent gliomas in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Concurrent malignant brain tumors in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) constitute a rare but paradigmatic phenomenon for studying neuroimmunological mechanisms from both molecular and clinical perspectives.

Methods: A multicenter cohort of 26 patients diagnosed with both primary brain tumors and multiple sclerosis was studied for disease localization, tumor treatment-related MS activity, and molecular characteristics specific for diffuse glioma in MS patients.

Results: MS neither predisposes nor protects from the development of gliomas.

An AI-based segmentation and analysis pipeline for high-field MR monitoring of cerebral organoids.

Cerebral organoids recapitulate the structure and function of the developing human brain in vitro, offering a large potential for personalized therapeutic strategies. The enormous growth of this research area over the past decade with its capability for clinical translation makes a non-invasive, automated analysis pipeline of organoids highly desirable. This work presents a novel non-invasive approach to monitor and analyze cerebral organoids over time using high-field magnetic resonance imaging and state-of-the-art tools for automated image analysis.

nanoparticle-based T cell imaging can predict therapy response towards adoptive T cell therapy in experimental glioma.

Intrinsic brain tumors, such as gliomas are largely resistant to immunotherapies including immune checkpoint blockade. Adoptive cell therapies (ACT) including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) or T cell receptor (TCR)-transgenic T cell therapy targeting glioma-associated antigens are an emerging field in glioma immunotherapy. However, imaging techniques for non-invasive monitoring of adoptively transferred T cells homing to the glioma microenvironment are currently lacking.

A H3K27M-targeted vaccine in adults with diffuse midline glioma.

Substitution of lysine 27 to methionine in histone H3 (H3K27M) defines an aggressive subtype of diffuse glioma. Previous studies have shown that a H3K27M-specific long peptide vaccine (H3K27M-vac) induces mutation-specific immune responses that control H3K27M tumors in major histocompatibility complex-humanized mice. Here we describe a first-in-human treatment with H3K27M-vac of eight adult patients with progressive H3K27M diffuse midline glioma on a compassionate use basis.

MR microscopy to assess clot composition following mechanical thrombectomy predicts recanalization and clinical outcome.

Background: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the standard of care for patients with a stroke and large vessel occlusion. Clot composition is not routinely assessed in clinical practice as no specific diagnostic value is attributed to it, and MT is performed in a standardized 'non-personalized' approach. Whether different clot compositions are associated with intrinsic likelihoods of recanalization success or treatment outcome is unknown.

A Cellular Ground Truth to Develop MRI Signatures in Glioma Models by Correlative Light Sheet Microscopy and Atlas-Based Coregistration.

Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with poor overall survival. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the main imaging modality for glioblastoma but has inherent shortcomings. The molecular and cellular basis of MR signals is incompletely understood.

Occupational radiation exposure of neurointerventionalists during endovascular stroke treatment.

Background: Radiological neuro-interventions, especially endovascular stroke treatment (EST), are increasing in case numbers worldwide with increasing occupational radiation exposure. Aim of this study was to define the radiation exposure of neurointerventionalists (NI) during EST and to compare the accumulated dose reaching the left arm with the left temple.

Methods: This is a prospective observational study in a tertiary stroke center conducted between 11/2021 and 07/2022.

T cell-independent eradication of experimental glioma by intravenous TLR7/8-agonist-loaded nanoparticles.

Glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor type, is considered an immunologically "cold" tumor with sparse infiltration by adaptive immune cells. Immunosuppressive tumor-associated myeloid cells are drivers of tumor progression. Therefore, targeting and reprogramming intratumoral myeloid cells is an appealing therapeutic strategy.

Simultaneous Multislice Accelerated TSE for Improved Spatiotemporal Resolution and Diagnostic Accuracy in Magnetic Resonance Neurography: A Feasibility Study.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the utility of simultaneous multislice (SMS) acceleration for routine magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) at 3 T.

Materials And Methods: Patients with multiple sclerosis underwent MRN of the sciatic nerve consisting of a standard fat-saturated T2-weighted turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence using integrated parallel acquisition technique (PAT2) acceleration and 2 T2 TSE sequences using a combination of PAT-SMS acceleration (1) to reduce scan time (PAT2-SMS2; SMS-TSE FAST ) and (2) for time neutral increase of in-plane resolution (PAT1-SMS2; SMS-TSE HR ). Acquisition times were 5:29 minutes for the standard T2 TSE, 3:12 minutes for the SMS-TSE FAST , and 5:24 minutes for the SMS-TSE HR .

Autonomous rhythmic activity in glioma networks drives brain tumour growth.

Diffuse gliomas, particularly glioblastomas, are incurable brain tumours. They are characterized by networks of interconnected brain tumour cells that communicate via Ca transients. However, the networks' architecture and communication strategy and how these influence tumour biology remain unknown.

Automated Quantification and Network Analysis of Redox Dynamics in Neuronal Mitochondria.

Mitochondria are complex organelles with multifaceted roles in cell biology, acting as signaling hubs that implicate them in cellular physiology and pathology. Mitochondria are both the target and the origin of multiple signaling events, including redox processes and calcium signaling which are important for organellar function and homeostasis. One way to interrogate mitochondrial function is by live cell imaging.

Diagnostic value of gadolinium contrast administration for spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis patients and correlative markers of lesion enhancement.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging is essential for monitoring people with multiple sclerosis, but the diagnostic value of gadolinium contrast administration in spine magnetic resonance imaging is unclear.

Objective: To assess the diagnostic value of gadolinium contrast administration in spine magnetic resonance imaging follow-up examinations and identify imaging markers correlating with lesion enhancement.

Methods: A total of 65 multiple sclerosis patients with at least 2 spinal magnetic resonance imaging follow-up examinations were included.

T-cell Receptor Therapy Targeting Mutant Capicua Transcriptional Repressor in Experimental Gliomas.

Purpose: Gliomas are intrinsic brain tumors with a high degree of constitutive and acquired resistance to standard therapeutic modalities such as radiotherapy and alkylating chemotherapy. Glioma subtypes are recognized by characteristic mutations. Some of these characteristic mutations have shown to generate immunogenic neoepitopes suitable for targeted immunotherapy.

Comparative evaluation of T-cell receptors in experimental glioma-draining lymph nodes.

Background: Glioblastomas, the most common primary malignant brain tumors, are considered immunologically cold malignancies due to growth in an immune sanctuary site. While peptide vaccines have shown to generate intra-tumoral antigen-specific T cells, the identification of these tumor-specific T cells is challenging and requires detailed analyses of tumor tissue. Several studies have shown that CNS antigens may be transported via lymphatic drainage to cervical lymph nodes, where antigen-specific T-cell responses can be generated.

Carbon ion radiotherapy eradicates medulloblastomas with chromothripsis in an orthotopic Li-Fraumeni patient-derived mouse model.

Background: Medulloblastomas with chromothripsis developing in children with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (germline TP53 mutations) are highly aggressive brain tumors with dismal prognosis. Conventional photon radiotherapy and DNA-damaging chemotherapy are not successful for these patients and raise the risk of secondary malignancies. We hypothesized that the pronounced homologous recombination deficiency in these tumors might offer vulnerabilities that can be therapeutically utilized in combination with high linear energy transfer carbon ion radiotherapy.