Subcision with and without suction for acne scars: a split-faced, rater-blinded randomized control trial.

Therapeutic options for acne scars include subcision and suction with microdermabrasion, but these treatment modalities have not been studied in conjunction. To compare effectiveness of subcision alone versus subcision with suction for the treatment of facial acne scars. Randomized, split-faced, evaluator-blinded control trial.

Dynamic and functional linkage between von Willebrand factor and ADAMTS-13 with aging: an Atherosclerosis Risk in Community study.

Background: von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a multimeric glycoprotein critically involved in hemostasis, thrombosis, and inflammation. VWF function is regulated by its antigen levels, multimeric structures, and the state of enzymatic cleavage. Population studies in the past have focused almost exclusively on VWF antigen levels in cross-sectional study designs.

Pain of local anesthetic injection of lidocaine during subsequent stages of Mohs micrographic surgery: A multicenter prospective cohort study.

Background: Patients awake during staged cutaneous surgery procedures may experience procedure-related pain.

Objective: To determine whether the level of pain associated with local anesthetic injections prior to each Mohs stage increases with subsequent Mohs stages.

Methods: Multicenter longitudinal cohort study.

GADGETS: a genetic algorithm for detecting epistasis using nuclear families.

Motivation: Epistasis may play an etiologic role in complex diseases, but research has been hindered because identification of interactions among sets of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) requires exploration of immense search spaces. Current approaches using nuclear families accommodate at most several hundred candidate SNPs.

Results: GADGETS detects epistatic SNP-sets by applying a genetic algorithm to case-parent or case-sibling data.

Delays in breast cancer care by race and sexual orientation: Results from a national survey with diverse women in the United States.

Background: Despite known differences in breast cancer by both race and sexual orientation, data on the intersectional experiences of Black sexual minority women (BSMW) along the care continuum are scant. This study sought to understand delays in breast cancer care by examining the intersection of race and sexual orientation.

Methods: This online, cross-sectional survey enrolled racially and sexually diverse women aged ≥ 35 years who had been diagnosed with breast cancer within the prior 10 years or had an abnormal screening in the prior 24 months.

Assessing Skin Biopsy Rates for Histologic Findings Indicative of Nonpathological Cutaneous Disease.

Background: Recent increase in skin biopsies has been attributed to an epidemic of skin cancer. This may be avoidable, with potential savings.

Objective: To determine whether the increase in skin biopsies is attributable to increasing frequency of biopsies associated with histology lacking pathological cutaneous disease.

Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Follow-up Study (HAPO FUS): Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Childhood Glucose Metabolism.

Objective: Whether hyperglycemia in utero less than overt diabetes is associated with altered childhood glucose metabolism is unknown. We examined associations of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) not confounded by treatment with childhood glycemia in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) cohort.

Research Design And Methods: HAPO Follow-up Study (FUS) included 4,160 children ages 10-14 years who completed all or part of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and whose mothers had a 75-g OGTT at ∼28 weeks of gestation with blinded glucose values.

Maternal glucose levels during pregnancy and childhood adiposity in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Follow-up Study.

Aims/hypothesis: Maternal type 2 diabetes during pregnancy and gestational diabetes are associated with childhood adiposity; however, associations of lower maternal glucose levels during pregnancy with childhood adiposity, independent of maternal BMI, remain less clear. The objective was to examine associations of maternal glucose levels during pregnancy with childhood adiposity in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) cohort.

Methods: The HAPO Study was an observational epidemiological international multi-ethnic investigation that established strong associations of glucose levels during pregnancy with multiple adverse perinatal outcomes.

Maternal metabolites during pregnancy are associated with newborn outcomes and hyperinsulinaemia across ancestries.

Aims/hypothesis: We aimed to determine the association of maternal metabolites with newborn adiposity and hyperinsulinaemia in a multi-ethnic cohort of mother-newborn dyads.

Methods: Targeted and non-targeted metabolomics assays were performed on fasting and 1 h serum samples from a total of 1600 mothers in four ancestry groups (Northern European, Afro-Caribbean, Mexican American and Thai) who participated in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study, underwent an OGTT at ~28 weeks gestation and whose newborns had anthropometric measurements at birth.

Results: In this observational study, meta-analyses demonstrated significant associations of maternal fasting and 1 h metabolites with birthweight, cord C-peptide and/or sum of skinfolds across ancestry groups.

Fat mass estimation in neonates: anthropometric models compared with air displacement plethysmography.

Newborn adiposity, a nutritional measure of the maternal-fetal intra-uterine environment, is representative of future metabolic health. An anthropometric model using weight, length and flank skinfold to estimate neonatal fat mass has been used in numerous epidemiological studies. Air displacement plethysmography (ADP), a non-invasive technology to measure body composition, is impractical for large epidemiological studies.

Genetic Determinants of Glycemic Traits and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Many common genetic polymorphisms are associated with glycemic traits and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but knowledge about genetic determinants of glycemic traits in pregnancy is limited. We tested genetic variants known to be associated with glycemic traits and T2D in the general population for associations with glycemic traits in pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Participants in two cohorts (Genetics of Glucose regulation in Gestation and Growth [Gen3G] and Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome [HAPO]) underwent oral glucose tolerance testing at 24-32 weeks' gestation.

Association of Gestational Diabetes With Maternal Disorders of Glucose Metabolism and Childhood Adiposity.

Importance: The sequelae of gestational diabetes (GD) by contemporary criteria that diagnose approximately twice as many women as previously used criteria are unclear.

Objective: To examine associations of GD with maternal glucose metabolism and childhood adiposity 10 to 14 years' postpartum.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study established associations of glucose levels during pregnancy with perinatal outcomes and the follow-up study evaluated the long-term outcomes (4697 mothers and 4832 children; study visits occurred between February 13, 2013, and December 13, 2016).

Fetal Genotype and Maternal Glucose Have Independent and Additive Effects on Birth Weight.

Maternal glycemia is a key determinant of birth weight, but recent large-scale genome-wide association studies demonstrated an important contribution of fetal genetics. It is not known whether fetal genotype modifies the impact of maternal glycemia or whether it acts through insulin-mediated growth. We tested the effects of maternal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and a fetal genetic score for birth weight on birth weight and fetal insulin in 2,051 European mother-child pairs from the Exeter Family Study of Childhood Health (EFSOCH) and the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study.

Targeted Metabolomics Demonstrates Distinct and Overlapping Maternal Metabolites Associated With BMI, Glucose, and Insulin Sensitivity During Pregnancy Across Four Ancestry Groups.

Objective: We used targeted metabolomics in pregnant mothers to compare maternal metabolite associations with maternal BMI, glycemia, and insulin sensitivity.

Research Design And Methods: Targeted metabolomic assays of clinical metabolites, amino acids, and acylcarnitines were performed on fasting and 1-h postglucose serum samples from European ancestry, Afro-Caribbean, Thai, and Mexican American mothers (400 from each ancestry group) who participated in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study and underwent an oral glucose tolerance test at ∼28 weeks gestation.

Results: K-means clustering, which identified patterns of metabolite levels across ancestry groups, demonstrated that, at both fasting and 1-h, levels of the majority of metabolites were similar across ancestry groups.

Maternal BMI and Glycemia Impact the Fetal Metabolome.

Objective: We used targeted metabolomics to determine associations of maternal BMI and glucose levels with cord blood metabolites and associations of cord blood metabolites with newborn birth weight and adiposity in mother-offspring dyads.

Research Design And Methods: Targeted metabolomic assays were performed on cord blood serum samples from European ancestry, Afro-Caribbean, Thai, and Mexican American newborns (400 from each ancestry group) whose mothers participated in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study and who had anthropometric measurements at birth.

Results: Meta-analysis across the four cohorts demonstrated significant correlation of all cord blood metabolites analyzed with maternal fasting levels of the same metabolites at ∼28 weeks' gestation except for triglycerides, asparagine/aspartate, arginine, and the acylcarnitine C14-OH/C12-DC.

Transversions have larger regulatory effects than transitions.

Background: Transversions (Tv's) are more likely to alter the amino acid sequence of proteins than transitions (Ts's), and local deviations in the Ts:Tv ratio are indicative of evolutionary selection on genes. Whether the two different types of mutations have different effects in non-protein-coding sequences remains unknown. Genetic variants primarily impact gene expression by disrupting the binding of transcription factors (TFs) and other DNA-binding proteins.

Genetic determinants of adiponectin regulation revealed by pregnancy.

Objective: This study investigated genetic determinants of adiponectin during pregnancy to reveal novel biology of adipocyte regulation.

Methods: A genome-wide association study was conducted in 1,322 pregnant women from the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Study with adiponectin measured at ∼28 weeks of gestation. Variants reaching P < 5×10 for de novo genotyping in two replication cohorts (Genetics of Glycemic regulation in Gestation and Growth N = 522; ECOGENE-21 N = 174) were selected.

Mixture model normalization for non-targeted gas chromatography/mass spectrometry metabolomics data.

Background: Metabolomics offers a unique integrative perspective for health research, reflecting genetic and environmental contributions to disease-related phenotypes. Identifying robust associations in population-based or large-scale clinical studies demands large numbers of subjects and therefore sample batching for gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) non-targeted assays. When run over weeks or months, technical noise due to batch and run-order threatens data interpretability.

Associations of maternal BMI and insulin resistance with the maternal metabolome and newborn outcomes.

Aims/hypothesis: Maternal obesity increases the risk for large-for-gestational-age birth and excess newborn adiposity, which are associated with adverse long-term metabolic outcomes in offspring, probably due to effects mediated through the intrauterine environment. We aimed to characterise the maternal metabolic milieu associated with maternal BMI and its relationship to newborn birthweight and adiposity.

Methods: Fasting and 1 h serum samples were collected from 400 European-ancestry mothers in the Hyperglycaemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Study who underwent an OGTT at ∼28 weeks gestation and whose offspring had anthropometric measurements at birth.

Associations Between Fetal Imprinted Genes and Maternal Blood Pressure in Pregnancy.

In addition to maternal genes and environmental exposures, variation in fetal imprinted genes could also affect maternal blood pressure during pregnancy. Our objective was to test the associations between polymorphic variants in 16 imprinted genes and maternal mean arterial blood pressures in 1160 DNA trios from 2 established birth cohorts (the Cambridge Baby Growth and Wellbeing Studies) and seek replication in 1367 Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Study participants. Significant univariate associations, all independent of fetal sex, were observed in the Cambridge cohorts, including FAM99A rs1489945 transmitted from the mother (P=2×10), DLK1 rs10139403 (mother; P=9×10), DLK1 rs12147008 (mother; P=1×10), H19 rs217222 (father; P=1×10), SNRPN rs1453556 (father; P=1×10), IGF2 rs6356 (father; P=1×10), and NNAT rs6066671 (father; P=1×10).