Clinical Outcomes in Delayed Sternal Closure in Lung Transplantation.

Introduction: Lung transplantation (LTx) is a critical treatment for end-stage pulmonary diseases. Delayed sternal closure (DSC) has been noted in cardiac surgery for several decades and is a viable strategy for patients who are hemodynamically unstable, at high risk for postoperative bleeding, and/or require prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass. However, DSC use and its effects on LTx clinical outcomes are not well-defined.

Decoding Radiology Reports: Artificial Intelligence-Large Language Models Can Improve the Readability of Hand and Wrist Orthopedic Radiology Reports.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an Artificial Intelligence-Large Language Model (AI-LLM) at improving the readability of hand and wrist radiology reports.

Methods: The radiology reports of 100 hand and/or wrist radiographs, 100 hand and/or wrist computed tomography (CT) scans, and 100 hand and/or wrist magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were extracted. The following prompt command was inserted into the AI-LLM: "Explain this radiology report to a patient in layman's terms in the second person: [Report Text].

Impact of Difficult Lung Transplantation on Short-Term and Long-Term Survival.

Background: Lung transplantation (LTx) is a complex operation; however, certain factors can make LTx even more challenging. A difficult LTx could adversely affect immediate and long-term outcomes. We investigate the potential use of Modifier-22 to identify difficult LTx to evaluate postoperative outcomes.

Consensus Statement: Technical Standards for Thoracoabdominal Normothermic Regional Perfusion.

Background: Thoracoabdominal normothermic regional perfusion (TA-NRP) has emerged as a powerful technique for optimizing organ procurement from donation after circulatory death donors. Despite its rapid adoption, standardized guidelines for TA-NRP implementation are lacking, prompting the need for consensus recommendations to ensure safe and effective utilization of this technique.

Methods: A working group composed of members from The American Society of Transplant Surgeons, The International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation, The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and The American Association for Thoracic Surgery was convened to develop technical guidelines for TA-NRP.

Capturing cell morphology dynamics with high temporal resolution using single-shot quantitative phase gradient imaging.

Significance: Label-free quantitative phase imaging can potentially measure cellular dynamics with minimal perturbation, motivating efforts to develop faster and more sensitive instrumentation. We characterize fast, single-shot quantitative phase gradient microscopy (ss-QPGM) that simultaneously acquires multiple polarization components required to reconstruct phase images. We integrate a computationally efficient least squares algorithm to provide real-time, video-rate imaging (up to ).

Consensus Statement: Technical Standards for Thoracoabdominal Normothermic Regional Perfusion.

Background: Thoracoabdominal normothermic regional perfusion (TA-NRP) has emerged as a powerful technique for optimizing organ procurement from donation after circulatory death donors. Despite its rapid adoption, standardized guidelines for TA-NRP implementation are lacking, prompting the need for consensus recommendations to ensure safe and effective utilization of this technique.

Methods: A working group composed of members from The American Society of Transplant Surgeons, The International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation, The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and The American Association for Thoracic Surgery was convened to develop technical guidelines for TA-NRP.

Ex vivo lung perfusion in donation after circulatory death: A post hoc analysis of the Normothermic Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion as an Assessment of Extended/Marginal Donors Lungs trial.

Objective: Donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors offer the ability to expand the lung donor pool and ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) further contributes to this ability by allowing for additional evaluation and resuscitation of these extended criteria donors. We sought to determine the outcomes of recipients receiving organs from DCD EVLP donors in a multicenter setting.

Methods: This was an unplanned post hoc analysis of a multicenter, prospective, nonrandomized trial that took place during 2011 to 2017 with 3 years of follow-up.

Computed Tomography Scan Versus Saline Load Test in the Detection of Traumatic Arthrotomies of the Ankle: A Cadaveric Study.

Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity and ability of computed tomography (CT) scan for diagnosing traumatic ankle arthrotomies compared with that of the saline load test (SLT).

Methods: Eleven cadaveric ankles were included in this study. Before intervention, a CT scan was obtained to confirm the absence of intra-articular air.

Porous Precision-Templated 40 μm Pore Scaffolds Promote Healing through Synergy in Macrophage Receptor with Collagenous Structure and Toll-Like Receptor Signaling.

Porous precision-templated scaffolds (PTS) with uniform, interconnected, 40 μm pores have shown favorable healing outcomes and a reduced foreign body reaction (FBR). Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) and toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been identified as key surface receptors in the initial inflammatory phase of wound healing. However, the role of MARCO and TLRs in modulating monocyte and macrophage phenotypes within PTS remains uncharacterized.

Computed Tomography Scan Versus Saline Load Test for Detection of Traumatic Shoulder Arthrotomy: A Cadaveric Study.

Objectives: Traumatic shoulder arthrotomy (TSA) is a rare injury that is commonly detected through saline load test (SLT). There are no studies that have studied the ability of computed tomography (CT) scan to detect a TSA. The purpose of this study is to determine the ability of CT scan to detect a TSA and compare it with the SLT.

Measurement of the gluteal compartment pressures: A cadaveric study describing safety and reproducibility of two methods.

Introduction: Gluteal compartment syndrome is an uncommon entity and physicians may use intracompartmental pressure measurements for confirmation of the clinical diagnosis, or in cases where the physical exam is indeterminate. However, there is a paucity of literature describing a safe and reproducible technique to measure gluteal intracompartmental pressures during the diagnosis of gluteal compartment syndrome. The purpose of this cadaveric study is to evaluate the sole previous technique described in the literature to measure gluteal intracompartmental pressures and provide a modified technique which can be safely and reliably utilized clinically.

Establishing a balloon pulmonary angioplasty program for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: A United States single-center experience.

Introduction: Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) is a less invasive treatment alternative for patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) who are unable to move forward with pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. This report describes a single-center experience with a nascent BPA program in the United States (US).

Methods: All patients who underwent BPA between August 2018-2021 were included in this retrospective, single-center observational cohort.

Diagnosis and treatment of right ventricular dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 on veno-venous extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation.

Background: Veno-venous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an effective, but highly resource intensive salvage treatment option in COVID patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is a known sequelae of COVID-19 induced ARDS, yet there is a paucity of data on the incidence and determinants of RV dysfunction on VV ECMO. We retrospectively examined the determining factors leading to RV failure and means of early identification of this phenomenon in patients on VV ECMO.

Correction to "An Iterative Approach Guides Discovery of the FabI Inhibitor Fabimycin, a Late-Stage Antibiotic Candidate with Efficacy against Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Infections".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00598.

An Iterative Approach Guides Discovery of the FabI Inhibitor Fabimycin, a Late-Stage Antibiotic Candidate with Efficacy against Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Infections.

Genomic studies and experiments with permeability-deficient strains have revealed a variety of biological targets that can be engaged to kill Gram-negative bacteria. However, the formidable outer membrane and promiscuous efflux pumps of these pathogens prevent many candidate antibiotics from reaching these targets. One such promising target is the enzyme FabI, which catalyzes the rate-determining step in bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis.

Inferior Vena Cava Obstruction Complicating Remote Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Bridge to Lung Transplantation.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) increasingly is being used to support acute respiratory failure and for bridging to lung transplantation. Bleeding and thrombosis are common complications in the acute setting, but the literature describing long-term ECMO complications is limited, and no previous reports have been made of delayed central venous strictures resulting from remote ECMO bridging. Herein, we describe a patient who demonstrated complete inferior vena cava obstruction resulting from venovenous ECMO bridge to lung transplantation 5 years previously.

Paraneoplastic musculoskeletal disorders: review and update for radiologists.

Rheumatic paraneoplastic syndromes are rare syndromes that occur at distant sites from the underlying tumor and may involve the bones, joints, fasciae, muscles, or vessels. In the absence of a known tumor, early recognition of a rheumatic syndrome as paraneoplastic permits dedicated work-up for, and potentially early treatment of an occult malignancy. Although there is a continuously growing list of paraneoplastic rheumatic disorders, not all of these disorders have a well-established association with a neoplastic process.

CT Scan versus Saline Load Test for Detection of Traumatic Wrist Arthrotomy.

 Traumatic arthrotomy of the wrist is most commonly detected using the saline load test (SLT); however, little data exists on the effectiveness of the SLT to this specific joint. The use of computed tomography (CT) scan has been validated as an alternative method to detect traumatic arthrotomy of the knee, as the presence of intra-articular air can be seen when there is violation of the joint capsule.  The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of CT scan to identify arthrotomy of the wrist capsule and compare the diagnostic performance of CT versus traditional SLT.

Society of Skeletal Radiology- white paper. Guidelines for the diagnostic management of incidental solitary bone lesions on CT and MRI in adults: bone reporting and data system (Bone-RADS).

The purpose of this article is to present algorithms for the diagnostic management of solitary bone lesions incidentally encountered on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MRI) in adults. Based on review of the current literature and expert opinion, the Practice Guidelines and Technical Standards Committee of the Society of Skeletal Radiology (SSR) proposes a bone reporting and data system (Bone-RADS) for incidentally encountered solitary bone lesions on CT and MRI with four possible diagnostic management recommendations (Bone-RADS1, leave alone; Bone-RADS2, perform different imaging modality; Bone-RADS3, perform follow-up imaging; Bone-RADS4, biopsy and/or oncologic referral). Two algorithms for CT based on lesion density (lucent or sclerotic/mixed) and two for MRI allow the user to arrive at a specific Bone-RADS management recommendation.

Revisiting the Case of Sarah Newbury's Death from Mollities Ossium.

Multiple myeloma and its precursor and variant types represent some of the most common hematologic malignancies in adults. These plasma cell dyscrasias are well-known in modern medicine. There are well-established clinical, laboratory, and pathologic criteria for diagnosis and staging.

Activators of the Anticipatory Unfolded Protein Response with Enhanced Selectivity for Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer.

Approximately 75% of breast cancers are estrogen receptor alpha-positive (ERα+), and targeting ERα directly with ERα antagonists/degraders or indirectly with aromatase inhibitors is a successful therapeutic strategy. However, such treatments are rarely curative and development of resistance is universal. We recently reported , a compound that induces ERα-dependent cancer cell death through a mechanism distinct from clinically approved ERα drugs, via hyperactivation of the anticipatory unfolded protein response.

Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty in Chronic Totally Occluded Pulmonary Arteries: Applying Lessons Learned From the Treatment of Coronary Artery Chronic Total Occlusions.

Objectives: This study aims to describe the safety and efficacy of revascularizing chronic total occlusions (CTOs) of the pulmonary arteries with balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH).

Background: BPA has emerged as an effective treatment for CTEPH patients when surgical treatment is not possible. Experience to date has suggested treating CTOs may be associated with excess risk and less procedural success relative to other lesion types.

MRI of Traumatic Knee Dislocation: A Study to Evaluate Safety and Image Quality for Patients with Knee-Spanning Stabilization Devices.

This study evaluated safety and image quality of MRI exams performed for patients with traumatic knee dislocations in knee-spanning stabilization devices. It is an IRB-approved retrospective design with waived informed consent that included 63 patients with traumatic knee dislocation. 56 patients had metallic external fixators, and 7 patients had non-metallic knee immobilizers.