Strategic approach to embolization of coronary to pulmonary artery fistulas: a technical note.

Background: Congenital coronary artery to pulmonary artery fistulas (CPAFs) are extremely rare congenital vascular malformations.

Purpose: To give a practical approach and consider technical challenges and pitfalls for endovascular embolization of CPAF.

Material And Methods: Anatomic, technical, and pathophysiologic considerations are given and demonstrated for antegrade and retrograde endovascular embolization of CPAF.

Unlocking metal-ligand cooperative catalytic photochemical benzene carbonylation: a mechanistic approach.

A key challenge in green synthesis is the catalytic transformation of renewable substrates at high atom and energy efficiency, with minimal energy input (Δ ≈ 0). Non-thermal pathways, , electrochemical and photochemical, can be used to leverage renewable energy resources to drive chemical processes at well-defined energy input and efficiency. Within this context, photochemical benzene carbonylation to produce benzaldehyde is a particularly interesting, albeit challenging, process that combines unfavorable thermodynamics (Δ° = 1.

Polyoxymethylene Upcycling into Methanol and Methyl Groups Catalyzed by a Manganese Pincer Complex.

Polyoxymethylene (POM) is a commonly used engineering thermoplastic, but its recycling by conventional means, i.e., mechanical recycling, is not practiced to any meaningful extent, due to technical limitations.

Metal-Ligand Cooperation with Thiols as Transient Cooperative Ligands: Acceleration and Inhibition Effects in (De)Hydrogenation Reactions.

ConspectusOver the past two decades, we have developed a series of pincer-type transition metal complexes capable of activating strong covalent bonds through a mode of reactivity known as metal-ligand cooperation (MLC). In such systems, an incoming substrate molecule simultaneously interacts with both the metal center and ligand backbone, with one part of the molecule reacting at the metal center and another part at the ligand. The majority of these complexes feature pincer ligands with a pyridine core, and undergo MLC through reversible dearomatization/aromatization of this pyridine moiety.

Manganese-catalyzed base-free addition of saturated nitriles to unsaturated nitriles by template catalysis.

The coupling of mononitriles into dinitriles is a desirable strategy, given the prevalence of nitrile compounds and the synthetic and industrial utility of dinitriles. Herein, we present an atom-economical approach for the heteroaddition of saturated nitriles to α,β- and β,γ-unsaturated mononitriles to generate glutaronitrile derivatives using a catalyst based on earth-abundant manganese. A broad range of such saturated and unsaturated nitriles were found to undergo facile heteroaddition with excellent functional group tolerance, in a reaction that proceeds under mild and base-free conditions using low catalyst loading.

Thioxobimanes.

Dioxobimanes, colloquially known as bimanes, are a well-established family of -heterobicyclic compounds that share a characteristic core structure, 1,5-diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octadienedione, bearing two endocyclic carbonyl groups.

Hydrogenative alkene perdeuteration aided by a transient cooperative ligand.

Deuterogenation of unsaturated organic compounds is an attractive route for installing C(sp)-D bonds, but the existing methods typically use expensive D and introduce only two deuterium atoms per unsaturation. Herein we report the hydrogenative perdeuteration of alkenes using readily available H and DO instead of D, catalysed by an acridanide-based ruthenium pincer complex and resulting in the incorporation of up to 4.9 D atoms per C=C double bond in a single synthetic step.

[Consensus recommendations on regional interdisciplinary standardization of MRI diagnostics for multiple sclerosis in the metropolitan area of Essen].

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is of exceptional importance in the diagnostics and monitoring of multiple sclerosis (MS); however, a close interdisciplinary cooperation between neurologists in private practice, (neuro)radiological practices, hospitals or specialized MS centers is only rarely established. In particular, there is a lack of standardized MRI protocols for image acquisition as well as established quality parameters, which guarantee the comparability of MRI records; however, this is a fundamental prerequisite for an effective application of MRI in the treatment of MS patients, e.g.

Bronchial artery diameter in massive hemoptysis in cystic fibrosis.

Background: Massive hemoptysis is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and advanced pulmonary disease. Hypertrophied bronchial arteries are understood to cause massive hemoptysis when rupturing. Risk factors to predict massive hemoptysis are scarce and bronchial artery diameters are not part of any scoring system in follow-up of patients with CF.

Controlled Selectivity through Reversible Inhibition of the Catalyst: Stereodivergent Semihydrogenation of Alkynes.

Catalytic semihydrogenation of internal alkynes using H is an attractive atom-economical route to various alkenes, and its stereocontrol has received widespread attention, both in homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyses. Herein, a novel strategy is introduced, whereby a poisoning catalytic thiol is employed as a reversible inhibitor of a ruthenium catalyst, resulting in a controllable H-based semihydrogenation of internal alkynes. Both ()- and ()-alkenes were obtained efficiently and highly selectively, under very mild conditions, using a single homogeneous acridine-based ruthenium pincer catalyst.

Acceptorless dehydrogenative synthesis of primary amides from alcohols and ammonia.

The highly desirable synthesis of the widely-used primary amides directly from alcohols and ammonia acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling represents a clean, atom-economical, sustainable process. Nevertheless, such a reaction has not been previously reported, and the existing catalytic systems instead generate other N-containing products, , amines, imines and nitriles. Herein, we demonstrate an efficient and selective ruthenium-catalyzed synthesis of primary amides from alcohols and ammonia gas, accompanied by H liberation.

Efficient Base-Free Aqueous Reforming of Methanol Homogeneously Catalyzed by Ruthenium Exhibiting a Remarkable Acceleration by Added Catalytic Thiol.

Production of H by methanol reforming is of particular interest due the low cost, ready availability, and high hydrogen content of methanol. However, most current methods either require very high temperatures and pressures or strongly rely on the utilization of large amounts of base. Here we report an efficient, base-free aqueous-phase reforming of methanol homogeneously catalyzed by an acridine-based ruthenium pincer complex, the activity of which was unexpectedly improved by a catalytic amount of a thiol additive.

Coil embolisation for massive haemoptysis in cystic fibrosis.

Introduction: Massive haemoptysis is a life-threatening event in advanced cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease with bronchial artery embolisation (BAE) as standard of care treatment. The aim of our study was to scrutinise short-term and long-term outcomes of patients with CF and haemoptysis after BAE using coils.

Methods: We carried out a retrospective cohort study of 34 adult patients treated for massive haemoptysis with super selective bronchial artery coil embolisation (ssBACE) between January 2008 and February 2015.

Catalytic Oxidative Deamination by Water with H Liberation.

Selective oxidative deamination has long been considered to be an important but challenging transformation, although it is a common critical process in the metabolism of bioactive amino compounds. Most of the synthetic methods developed so far rely on the use of stoichiometric amounts of strong and toxic oxidants. Here we present a green and efficient method for oxidative deamination, using water as the oxidant, catalyzed by a ruthenium pincer complex.

Estriol-mediated neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis localized by voxel-based morphometry.

Introduction: Progressive gray matter (GM) atrophy is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS). Cognitive impairment has been observed in 40%-70% of MS patients and has been linked to GM atrophy. In a phase 2 trial of estriol treatment in women with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), higher estriol levels correlated with greater improvement on the paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT) and imaging revealed sparing of localized GM in estriol-treated compared to placebo-treated patients.

syn-Bimane as a chelating O-donor ligand for palladium(ii).

A cationic Pd(ii) complex containing syn-(Me,Me)bimane as a ligand was prepared and fully characterized. This complex represents the first well-defined case of a bimane scaffold coordinated to a metal center. The strongly-fluorescent syn-bimane chelates the Pd(ii) center via its carbonyl oxygen atoms, affording a non-fluorescent complex.

Disability-Specific Atlases of Gray Matter Loss in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.

Importance: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by progressive gray matter (GM) atrophy that strongly correlates with clinical disability. However, whether localized GM atrophy correlates with specific disabilities in patients with MS remains unknown.

Objective: To understand the association between localized GM atrophy and clinical disability in a biology-driven analysis of MS.

Thalamic-hippocampal-prefrontal disruption in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Background: Cortical, thalamic and hippocampal gray matter atrophy in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) is associated cognitive deficits. However, the role of interconnecting white matter pathways including the fornix, cingulum, and uncinate fasciculus (UF) is less well studied.

Objective: To assess MS damage to a hippocampal-thalamic-prefrontal network and the relative contributions of its components to specific cognitive domains.

Progression of coronary artery calcification seems to be inevitable, but predictable - results of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall (HNR) study.

Aim: Coronary artery calcification (CAC), as a sign of atherosclerosis, can be detected and progression quantified using computed tomography (CT). We develop a tool for predicting CAC progression.

Methods And Results: In 3481 participants (45-74 years, 53.

Neuroprotective effects of testosterone treatment in men with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. While current medication reduces relapses and inflammatory activity, it has only a modest effect on long-term disability and gray matter atrophy. Here, we have characterized the potential neuroprotective effects of testosterone on cerebral gray matter in a pilot clinical trial.

Aldehyde binding through reversible C-C coupling with the pincer ligand upon alcohol dehydrogenation by a PNP-ruthenium catalyst.

Primary alcohol dehydrogenation by a PNP-Ru(II) catalyst was probed by low-temperature NMR experiments. Facile dehydrogenation occurred at -30 °C, but the resulting aldehydes were not found in solution, as they were trapped by the catalyst through a new mode of metal-ligand cooperation involving Ru-O coordination and an unusual, highly reversible C-C coupling with the PNP pincer ligand.

Computer aided approximation of flow rate through systemic-pulmonary arterial shunts (SPAS).

The discrimination of flow rates through bronchial arteries that are affected by pathological SPAS today still happens solely qualitatively. A reproducible quantification of flow rates, however, would enable the comprehension of phenomena like the intensified shunt perfusion seen in cases of chronic inflammations or the characterization of SPAS that may cause cardiovascular problems. A computational program is developed, that allows the modeling of individual bronchial arteries on the basis of the information provided by angiography.

Fornix damage limits verbal memory functional compensation in multiple sclerosis.

Selective atrophy of the hippocampus, in particular the left CA1 subregion, is detectable in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and is correlated with verbal memory performance. We used novel high-resolution imaging techniques to assess the role that functional compensation and/or white matter integrity of mesial temporal lobe (MTL) structures may play in mediating verbal memory performance in RRMS. High-resolution cortical unfolding of structural MRI in conjunction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to localize MTL activity in 18 early RRMS patients and 16 healthy controls during an unrelated word-pairs memory task.