Protective head-cooling during cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation: the original animal studies.

Prolonged standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) does not reliably sustain brain viability during cardiac arrest. Pre-hospital adjuncts to standard CPR are needed in order to improve outcomes. A preliminary dog study demonstrated that surface cooling of the head during arrest and CPR can achieve protective levels of brain hypothermia (30°C) within 10 minutes.

Vesicoacetabular fistula in a chronically infected total hip arthroplasty.

Fistula formation between the bladder and acetabulum related to total hip arthroplasty (THA) is rare, and few cases have been documented. Common features of the reported cases include a defect in the medial wall of the acetabulum, a chronically infected THA, a history of bladder injury, vesicocutaneous fistulas, and a history of pelvis radiation exposure. We report the case of a vesicoacetabular fistula discovered during antibiotic spacer placement in a woman with a chronically infected THA.

Leech therapy in penile replantation: a case of recurrent penile self-amputation.

Penile amputation is a rare urologic trauma for which immediate surgical replantation is indicated. Microsurgical techniques can reduce skin and graft loss complications; nonetheless, such complications are still highly prevalent. We report a case of self-inflicted penile amputation and describe a nonmicrosurgical technique for replantation.

Estrogen decreases chemokine levels in murine mammary tissue: implications for the regulatory role of MIP-1 alpha and MCP-1/JE in mammary tumor formation.

Estrogen contributes to the development of breast cancer through mechanisms that are not completely understood. Estrogen influences the function of immune effector cells, primarily through alterations in cytokine expression. Chemokines are proinflammatory cytokines that attract various immune cells to the site of tissue injury or inflammation, and activate many cell types, including T lymphocytes and monocytes.