Open-label, multicenter study of combined intrathecal morphine and ziconotide: addition of morphine in patients receiving ziconotide for severe chronic pain.

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of adding intrathecal morphine to intrathecal ziconotide in patients treated with stable ziconotide doses.

Design: Multicenter, open-label study with a 4-week morphine titration phase during which ziconotide was held constant and an extension phase during which dosing of either drug could vary.

Setting: Outpatient clinics.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of intrathecal ziconotide in adults with severe chronic pain.

Safety and efficacy data from a study of slow intrathecal (IT) ziconotide titration for the management of severe chronic pain are presented. Patients randomized to ziconotide (n = 112) or placebo (n = 108) started IT infusion at 0.1 microg/hour (2.