Representation Quotients to Examine Diversity in Ophthalmology Residency Applicants and Matriculants.

Importance: A diverse ophthalmic workforce is key to equitable care, and identifying areas of underrepresentation is important in tackling vision care disparities.

Objective: To evaluate the diversity of applicants and matriculants in ophthalmology residency programs relative to medical school graduates and analyze the intersection of race and gender within this pathway.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cross-sectional study conducted from 2022 to 2024 used representation quotients (RQs) using reports from the Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology and San Francisco Match, along with demographic data from the Association of American Medical Colleges from 2008 to 2021.

Longitudinal trends in volume of oculoplastic procedures without ACGME minimum requirements among United States ophthalmology residents: an ACGME case log analysis.

Purpose: To our knowledge, there have been no previous reports that investigate trends in ophthalmology residents' exposure to oculoplastic procedures without Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) minimum requirements. To fill this knowledge gap, we investigated publicly available ACGME ophthalmology residency case logs from 2009 to 2021.

Methods: National resident averages and standard deviations were collected for the following oculoplastic procedures without minimum ACGME requirements: eye removal and implant, lacrimal surgery, other orbital surgery (e.

Orbital Implants Receiving Food and Drug Administration Premarket Notification.

Purpose: This perspective explores the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 510(k) program, occasionally referred to as premarket notification, which facilitates faster marketing of Class II medical devices, such as orbital implants by demonstrating "substantial equivalence" to previously approved devices. This allows for FDA clearance, rather than FDA approval of orbital implants via comparison to currently marketed implants rather than clinically proven safety standards.

Methods: Utilizing the FDA's publicly available 510(k) Premarket Notification database, we conducted a thorough search of FDA-cleared orbital implants dating back to the inception of the 510(k) process in 1976.

Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery in the Management of Optic Nerve Sheath Meningiomas: An International Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Twenty Studies.

Background: Optic nerve sheath meningiomas (ONMs) are often managed with radiotherapy (RT) with the goal of achieving radiographic local control (LC) and preventing deterioration of visual acuity (VA). We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes for patients with ONM treated with RT.

Methods: The PICOS/PRISMA/MOOSE selection criteria were used to identify studies.

Delayed Diagnosis of an Occult Wooden Orbital Foreign Body.

An orbital foreign body should be suspected in cases of penetrating orbital injury, but they are not typically seen with low-velocity trauma and no obvious penetrating injury. Wooden foreign bodies are difficult to distinguish from orbital fat on computed tomography (CT), and without a high degree of suspicion for a foreign body, techniques to distinguish wood in the orbit may not be utilized. The authors present here a case of an initially unrecognized wooden orbital foreign body in the setting of orbital trauma where the patient denied any possibility of a foreign body and no evidence of a penetrating injury.

Discontinuation and nonpublication of interventional clinical trials conducted in ophthalmology.

Objective: Discontinuation of interventional clinical trials and nonpublication of completed trials represent a waste of already scarce resources. We sought to identify the prevalence of discontinuation and nonpublication of interventional clinical trials conducted in ophthalmology patients.

Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study of ophthalmology-based interventional clinical trials in ClinicalTrials.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma presenting with bilateral orbital extension from the soft palate.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare neoplasm of secretory epithelium that most commonly occurs in the fifth and sixth decades of life. It is characterized by high recurrence rates and poor response to chemotherapy, In the orbit, ACC usually presents as a lacrimal gland mass. We describe the rare case of a 70-year-old woman who presented with pain during mastication and bilateral facial numbness in the cranial nerve V2 distribution.

Man with a Swollen Eye: Nonspecific Orbital Inflammation in an Adult in the Emergency Department.

Background: Nonspecific orbital inflammation (NSOI) is a rare idiopathic ocular pathology characterized by unilateral, painful orbital swelling without identifiable infectious or systemic disorders, which can be complicated by optic nerve compromise.

Case Report: A 50-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department with recurring, progressive painless left eye swelling, decreased visual acuity, and binocular diplopia in the absence of trauma, infection, or known malignancy. His physical examination was notable for left-sided decreased visual acuity, an afferent pupillary defect, severe left eye proptosis and chemosis, and restricted extraocular movements; his dilatated funduscopic examination was notable for ipsilateral retinal folds within the macula, concerning for a disruption between the sclera and the retina.

Rapid Reversal of Complete Binocular Blindness With High-Dose Corticosteroids and Lumbar Drain in a Solid Organ Transplant Recipient With Cryptococcal Meningitis and Immune Reconstitution Syndrome: First Case Study and Literature Review.

Blindness is a rare, devastating, usually permanent complication of cryptococcal meningitis (CM). We present the first case of complete vision loss in a solid organ transplant recipient with CM treated with placement of a lumbar drain who had a dramatic visual recovery that started after 3 doses of high-dose steroids.

The Role of Biological Agents and Immunomodulators in Treatment Strategies for Thyroid Eye Disease: An Evidence-based Review.

Graves' Disease is an autoimmune disease where circulating antibodies bind to the thyrotropin receptors on the thyroid gland. These bound antibodies mimic thyroid stimulating hormone without the normal feedback from the anterior pituitary, causing hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis. These antibodies also interact with orbital tissues and cause the characteristic orbital findings of thyroid eye disease (TED).

Lower eyelid involutional ectropion repair with lateral tarsal strip and internal retractor reattachment with full-thickness eyelid sutures.

Purpose: To report a novel surgical technique for lower eyelid involutional ectropion repair using a lateral tarsal strip and internal retractor reattachment procedure involving full-thickness eyelid sutures.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of patients who underwent repair of involutional ectropion via lateral tarsal strip and internal retractor reattachment with full-thickness eyelid sutures by 1 surgeon. Patients having concomitant or previous eyelid surgical procedures were excluded.

Cellular neurothekeoma of the eyelid: a unique internal palpebral presentation.

A 50-year-old woman presented with a mass lesion of the inferolateral palpebral conjunctiva similar in appearance to a chalazion, but unusual enough in presentation that excisional biopsy was initially performed. Histopathologic analysis revealed a dermal fibrohistiocytic neoplasm consistent with cellular neurothekeoma. Neurothekeoma is a benign tumor; the cellular variant is rare and of unclear histogenesis.

Müller muscle conjunctival resection for blepharoptosis in patients with poor to fair levator function.

It has been suggested that Müller muscle conjunctival resection might not be a good procedure for the treatment of blepharoptosis in patients with less than optimal levator function. This case series includes four eyelids (three patients) that had fair preoperative levator function (4 to 8 mm) and good response to phenylephrine. The mean preoperative levator function was 6.

Müller muscle-conjunctiva resection for blepharoptosis in patients with glaucoma filtering blebs.

Purpose: To study the safety and efficacy of Müller muscle-conjunctiva resection (MMCR) for blepharoptosis in patients with functional glaucoma-filtering blebs.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients who underwent MMCR in the presence of a functioning filtering bleb. Patients offered MMCR all responded satisfactorily to preoperative topical phenylephrine hydrochloride testing.

Hyaluronic acid gel (Restylane) filler for facial rhytids: lessons learned from American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery member treatment of 286 patients.

Purpose: To review injection techniques and patient satisfaction with injection of Restylane in various facial areas by American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery members.

Methods: Data from 286 patients treated with Restylane in nine American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery practices were abstracted to a spreadsheet for analysis.

Results: Nine practices performed Restylane injections for 8.

The smooth surface tunnel porous polyethylene enucleation implant.

Background And Objective: To describe early clinical results with the porous polyethylene smooth surface tunnel (SST) enucleation implant.

Patients And Methods: Uncontrolled, prospective interventional case series of patients undergoing enucleation with placement of the SST implant. This implant consists of a porous polyethylene sphere with a smooth anterior surface containing pre-drilled tunnels to facilitate direct suturing of the rectus muscles to the implant without use of an implant wrap.