Coffee and cardiovascular disease: in vitro, cellular, animal, and human studies.

Coffee is a commonly consumed beverage with potential health benefits. This review will focus on cardiovascular disease. There are three preparations of coffee that are commonly consumed and thus worthy of examination; boiled unfiltered coffee, filtered coffee, and decaffeinated coffee.

Phenol antioxidant quantity and quality in foods: beers and the effect of two types of beer on an animal model of atherosclerosis.

The free phenols have been measured in 15 lagers, 6 porters and ales, and 11 light and nonalcoholic beers. Phenols were measured colorimetrically using an oxidation-reduction reaction with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and catechin as the standard. The order of phenol concentration was ales > lagers > low calorie > nonalcoholic.

The breast proto-oncogene, HRGalpha regulates epithelial proliferation and lobuloalveolar development in the mouse mammary gland.

Members of the EGF family of growth factors play critical roles during normal and neoplastic breast development. EGF family member HRGalpha is the only HRG1 isoform expressed in the mouse mammary gland and our previous experiments suggest that HRG1 has a unique role in mammary development. To determine the function of HRGalpha activity during mouse mammary gland development, we generated a HRGalpha-deficient mouse strain.