Application of microcosm experiments for quantifying lateral flow and evapotranspiration on recovering bog ecotypes.

The importance of characterizing the ecohydrological interactions in natural, damaged/drained, and restored bogs is underscored by the importance of peatlands to global climate change and the growing need for peatland restoration. An understudied aspect of peatland ecohydrology is how shallow lateral flow impacts local hydrological conditions and water balance, which are critical for peatland restoration success. A novel method is presented using microcosms installed in the field to understand the dynamics of shallow lateral flow.

Structural characterization of dissolved organic matter: a review of current techniques for isolation and analysis.

Natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic systems plays many environmental roles: providing building blocks and energy for aquatic biota, acting as a sunscreen in surface water, and interacting with anthropogenic compounds to affect their ultimate fate in the environment. Such interactions are a function of DOM composition, which is difficult to ascertain due to its heterogeneity and the co-occurring matrix effects in most aquatic samples. This review focuses on current approaches to the chemical structural characterization of DOM, ranging from those applicable to bulk samples and in situ analyses (UV-visible spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectroscopy) through the concentration/isolation of DOM followed by the application of one or more analytical techniques, to the detailed separation and analysis of individual compounds or compound classes.

Selective comprehensive multidimensional separation for resolution enhancement in high performance liquid chromatography. Part II: applications.

In this second paper of a two-part series, we demonstrate the utility of an approach to enhancing the resolution of select portions of conventional 1D-LC separations, which we refer to as selective comprehensive two-dimensional HPLC (sLC × LC), in three quite different example applications. In the first paper of the series we described the principles of this approach, which breaks the long-standing link in online multi-dimensional chromatography between the timescales of sampling the first dimension (¹D) separation and the separation of fractions of ¹D effluent in the second dimension. In the first example, the power of the sLC × LC approach to significantly reduce the analysis time and method development effort is demonstrated by selectively enhancing the resolution of critical pairs of peaks that are unresolved by a one-dimensional separation (1D-LC) alone.

Selective comprehensive multi-dimensional separation for resolution enhancement in high performance liquid chromatography. Part I: principles and instrumentation.

An approach to enhancing the resolution of select portions of conventional one-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separations was developed, which we refer to as selective comprehensive two-dimensional HPLC (sLC×LC). In this first of a series of two papers we describe the principles of this approach, which breaks the long-standing link in on-line multi-dimensional chromatography between the timescales of sampling the first dimension (¹D) separation and the separation of fractions of ¹D effluent in the second dimension. This allows rapid, high-efficiency separations to be used in the first dimension, while still adequately sampling ¹D peaks.

Targeted three-dimensional liquid chromatography: a versatile tool for quantitative trace analysis in complex matrices.

Targeted multidimensional liquid chromatography (MDLC), commonly referred to as 'coupled-column' or 'heartcutting', has been used extensively since the 1970s for analysis of low concentration constituents in complex biological and environmental samples. A primary benefit of adding additional dimensions of separation to conventional HPLC separations is that the additional resolving power provided by the added dimensions can greatly simplify method development for complex samples. Despite the long history of targeted MDLC, nearly all published reports involve two-dimensional methods, and very few have explored the benefits of adding a third dimension of separation.