Formations of Host Fibers and Bacteria in Human Temporal Bones With Otitis Media.

Hypothesis: In temporal bones with otitis media, fibrin and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) form a fibrous network with bacteria, which is involved in growth of bacterial clusters/biofilms and chronicity of disease.

Background: NETs and fibrin are important in host defense against pathogens; however, their role in otitis media is not well understood.

Methods: Eight human temporal bones with serous otitis media, 30 with serous-purulent otitis media, 7 with mucoid otitis media, 23 with mucoid-purulent otitis media (OM), 30 with purulent OM, and 30 with chronic otitis media were selected based on histopathologic findings.

Temporal Bone Pathology Secondary to Head Trauma-A Human Temporal Bone Study.

Hypothesis/background: We hypothesize that following head trauma there is a difference in temporal bone (TB) pathology in cases with and without skull fracture. Although conductive, sensorineural, mixed hearing loss, and TB pathology following head trauma have been reported, to our knowledge, there are no studies that have compared the pathology of the TB in cases with and without skull fracture.

Methods: We analyzed 34 TBs from donors who had a history of head trauma (20 with skull fracture and 14 without fracture), and 25 age-matched controls without clinical or histological evidence of otologic disorders.

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Round Window Membrane in the Chinchilla Model with Acute Otitis Media Induced with 7F.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphological changes of round window membrane (RWM) in chinchillas with serotype 7F induced acute otitis media (AOM) by two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) measurements.

Methods: Temporal bone specimens taken from 12 chinchillas were divided into two groups. The control group consisted of healthy animals that were injected with intrabullar saline.

Otopathologic Abnormalities in CHARGE Syndrome.

Objective: To perform an otopathologic analysis of temporal bones (TBs) with CHARGE syndrome.

Study Design: Otopathologic study of human TB specimens.

Setting: Otopathology laboratories.

A Structural Analysis of Tympanic Compartments of the Middle Ear in Patients With Down's Syndrome: A Temporal Bone Study.

Unlabelled: : Hypothesis: There may be findings peculiar to the temporal bones of children with Down's syndrome (DS). The purpose of this study is to investigate the temporal bone histopathology of the children with DS.

Background: Otitis media with effusion is a highly prevalent condition with DS.

Quantitative assessment of cochlear and vestibular ganglion neurons in temporal bones with chronic otitis media.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to determine whether or not COM leads to loss of spiral and Scarpa ganglion neurons.

Methods: From the human temporal bone (HTB) collection at the University of Minnesota we selected human temporal bones with COM, defined as the presence of clinically intractable tissue abnormalities in the middle ear (cholesteatoma, perforation of the eardrum, granulation tissue, fibrosis, tympanosclerosis, and cholesterol granuloma). We also selected HTBs from donors with no ear diseases as controls.

Evaluation of vestibular symptoms and postural balance control in patients with chronic otitis media.

Background: Evidence to support potential links between chronic otitis media (COM) and vestibular impairment/postural balance control issues is lacking.

Objective: To investigate whether COM associates with vestibular symptoms, balance problems, and abnormalities in vestibular function tests.

Methods: We selected 126 patients with COM and excluded patients with any identifiable underlying causes for vestibular dysfunction.

Histopathology of Inner Ear Malformations: Potential Pitfalls for Cochlear Implantation.

Hypothesis: The presence of bony inner ear malformations may associate with a number of anatomical abnormalities affecting the middle ear structures. Those malformations may create pitfalls and complications for cochlear implantation.

Background: Inner ear malformations associate with varying degrees of hearing loss, and frequently require cochlear implantation for hearing rehabilitation.

Cochleosaccular (Scheibe) dysplasia in dogs: A temporal bone study.

The objective of this study was to evaluate any otopathologic changes in temporal bone specimens from dogs with deafness related to cochleosaccular (Scheibe) dysplasia (CSD). We used the canine temporal bone collections of the Otopathology Laboratory at the University of Minnesota and of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary at Harvard University in Boston. Our morphometric analysis included measuring the areas of the stria vascularis and the spiral ligament and counting the number of spiral ganglion cells.

Quantitative assessment of vestibular otopathology in granulomatosis with polyangitis: A temporal bone study.

Objective: To investigate the temporal bone histopathology of vasculitis, especially in the vestibular organs, in granulomatosis with polyangitis (GPA).

Methods: Using light and differential interference contrast microscopy, we examined 12 human temporal bones from six deceased GPA patients and 12 histopathologically normal human temporal bones from six deceased age-matched patients.

Results: In the GPA group, three patients had undergone tympanostomy tube placement.

Bilateral glomus tympanicum tumors: Human temporalbone study.

To describe human temporal bones with bilateral glomus tympanicum tumors. Patient is 83-year-old black female who no pulsatile tinnitus. The histopathologic characteristics of human temporal bones after death were setting Department of Otolaryngology of University of Minnesota in USA.

Otopathology in the United States: History, Current Situation, and Future Perspectives.

: Human temporal bone studies have documented the pathophysiologic basis of many pathologic conditions and diseases affecting the ear, contributing to the development of specific clinical knowledge and pathology-oriented treatments. Researchers dedicated to the study of anatomy and histology of the temporal bone emanated from Europe to the United States during the first part of the 20th Century. The first otopathology laboratory was founded in the United States in 1924, at Johns Hopkins University; over time, the otopathology laboratories-considered by some authors as "gold mines" for studying ear diseases-became numerous and very prolific.

Current evidence of peripheral vestibular symptoms secondary to otitis media.

Background: The association between otitis media and vestibular symptoms has been hypothesized in the past. Thus, in this study, we aimed to critically analyze (based in a systematic review of the literature) whether patients who have otitis media are at greater risk of developing vestibular impairment or not.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature and identified potentially relevant articles reporting vestibular symptoms and results of vestibular function tests in patients with otitis media through searches of the PubMED, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases.

Structural Analysis of Tensor Tympani Muscle, Tympanic Diaphragm, Epitympanum, and Protympanum in Menière's Disease: a Human Temporal Bone Study.

Hypothesis: We hypothesized that there would be significant anatomic differences of the tensor tympani muscle (TTM), tympanic diaphragm, epitympanum, and protympanum in patients with versus without Menière's disease.

Background: The effects of tenotomy on Menière's disease suggested it relieves the pressure on the inner ear of the contraction of the TTM and of negative middle ear pressure.

Methods: Using human temporal bones from patients with Menière's disease, two studies were conducted.

Evidence against the mucosal traction theory in cholesteatoma.

Objectives: To investigate the distribution of ciliated epithelium in the human middle ear and its potential role in the formation of cholesteatoma.

Study Design: Comparative human temporal bone study.

Methods: We selected temporal bones from 14 donors with a diagnosis of cholesteatoma, 15 with chronic otitis media without retraction pockets, 14 with chronic otitis media with retraction pockets, 14 with cystic fibrosis (CF), and 16 controls.

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Fibrin in Otitis Media: Analysis of Human and Chinchilla Temporal Bones.

Background: Bacterial resistance in acute otitis can result in bacterial persistence and biofilm formation, triggering chronic and recurrent infections.

Objective: To investigate the middle ear inflammatory response to bacterial infection in human and chinchilla temporal bones.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Six chinchillas underwent intrabullar inoculations with 0.

Histopathology of tympanic membranes from patients with ventilation tubes.

Objective: To evaluate the histopathologic changes in tympanic membranes (TMs) with ventilation tubes (VTs).

Methods: In this retrospective human temporal bone study our overall study group included 4 subgroups of TMs from deceased donors as follows: 24 with a history of VT insertion for chronic otitis media with effusion (COME-VT); 5 with a history of VT insertion for Meniere's disease (MD-VT); 33 without a history of VT insertion for chronic otitis media with effusion (COME); and 14 without a history of VT insertion for Meniere's disease (MD). We classified the extent of migration of the outer keratinized squamous epithelium onto the inner surface of TM perforations and noted the presence and location of tympanosclerosis, of atrophy, of perforation, and/or of cholesteatoma formation.

Progression of changes in the sensorial elements of the cochlear and peripheral vestibular systems: The otitis media continuum.

Our study aimed to evaluate pathologic changes in the cochlear (inner and outer hair cells and stria vascularis) and vestibular (vestibular hair cells, dark, and transitional cells) sensorial elements in temporal bones from donors who had otitis media. We studied 40 temporal bones from such donors, which were categorized in serous otitis media (SOM), serous-purulent otitis media (SPOM), mucoid/mucoid-purulent otitis media (MOM/MPOM), and chronic otitis media (COM); control group comprised 10 nondiseased temporal bones. We found significant loss of inner and outer cochlear hair cells in the basal turn of the SPOM, MOM/MPOM and COM groups; significant loss of vestibular hair cells was observed in the MOM/MPOM and COM groups.

Histopathologic Changes of Human Vestibular Epithelia in Intralabyrinthine Hemorrhage.

Objective: To determine whether intralabyrinthine hemorrhage affects vestibular hair cells, dark cells, and transitional cells in human temporal bones.

Methods: We examined 9 temporal bone specimens from 9 deceased donors with unilateral intralabyrinthine hemorrhage (the hemorrhage group) along with their 9 contralateral temporal bone specimens without hemorrhage (the control group). We estimated the density of type I and type II hair cells in all peripheral sensorial organs (including the cristae of the superior, lateral, and posterior semicircular canals, as well as the maculae of the saccule and utricle).

Secondary Endolymphatic Hydrops.

Hypothesis: A review of the most recent literature will provide clinicians with an update of secondary endolymphatic hydrops, aiding in diagnosis and treatment of affected patients.

Background: Secondary endolymphatic hydrops is a pathologic finding of the inner ear resulting in episodic vertigo and intermittent hearing loss. It is a finding for which extensive research is being performed.

Changes in the inner ear structures in cystic fibrosis patients.

Objective: Although prolonged use of antibiotics is very common in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, no studies have assessed the changes in both cochlear and peripheral vestibular systems in this population.

Methods: We used human temporal bones to analyze the density of vestibular dark, transitional, and hair cells in specimens from CF patients who were exposed to several types of antibiotics, as compared with specimens from an age-matched control group with no history of ear disease or antibiotic use. Additionally, we analyzed the changes in the elements of the cochlea (hair cells, spiral ganglion neurons, and the area of the stria vascularis).

Deterioration of Vestibular Cells in Labyrinthitis.

Objective: To quantitatively assess the effect of serous labyrinthitis, suppurative labyrinthitis, and labyrinthitis ossificans on vestibular hair cells, dark cells, and transitional cells.

Methods: We examined human temporal bone specimens with serous labyrinthitis, suppurative labyrinthitis, and labyrinthitis ossificans, then compared them with age-matched control groups without labyrinthitis. We evaluated the density of type I and II vestibular hair cells, dark cells, and transitional cells in the peripheral sensorial organs.