Effect of excluding fractured or abnormal vertebrae on the trabecular bone score measurement.

Unlabelled: Brief rationale: The use of L1-L4 vertebrae, without exclusions, has been recommended for trabecular bone score (TBS) measurements.

Main Result: Excluding abnormal and fractured vertebrae affected the TBS. Significance of the paper: Fracture or degenerative abnormality may not affect TBS.

Different contributions of fat and lean indices to bone strength by sex.

Bone strength depends on both bone density and quality. However, the differences in how body composition indices affect bone strength between men and women remains unclear. This study investigated the associations of various fat and lean indices with bone strength by sex.

The choice of region of interest after spinal procedures alters bone mineral density measurements.

Purpose: Vertebrae affected by artifacts, such as metallic implants or bone cement, should be excluded when measuring the spine bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Exclusion may be performed using two methods: first, the affected vertebrae are included in the region of interest (ROI) and subsequently excluded from the analysis; second, the affected vertebrae are completely excluded from the ROI. This study aimed to investigate the influence of metallic implants and bone cement on BMD with and without the inclusion of artifact-affected vertebrae in the ROI.

Association of possible sarcopenic obesity with osteoporosis and fragility fractures in postmenopausal women.

Unlabelled: Possible sarcopenic obese women had a decreased likelihood of osteoporosis but an increased likelihood of fragility fractures compared with non-sarcopenic non-obese and sarcopenia-only women. Furthermore, possible sarcopenic obese women had lower values of trabecular bone score than non-sarcopenic non-obese and sarcopenia-only women.

Purpose: The coexistence of possible sarcopenia and obesity may have opposing effects on osteoporosis.

The Impact of the "Osteo" Component of Osteosarcopenia on Fragility Fractures in Post-Menopausal Women.

Osteosarcopenia, the coexistence of bone and muscle loss, is common in older adults, but its definition lacks international consensus. This cross-sectional study ( = 1199 post-menopausal women) aimed to determine the association between osteosarcopenia and fragility fractures and to investigate the impact of the definition of the "osteo" component. Bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and the trabecular bone score (TBS), respectively.

Hand grip strength in predicting the risk of osteoporosis in Asian adults.

Introduction: There is a need for a cost-effective method to identify individuals with a high risk of osteoporosis. This study aimed to investigate the suitability of hand grip strength in predicting the risk of osteoporosis in Asian adults.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional, hospital-based study of 1007 participants, the bone mineral density of the spine and hips was evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry according to the 2019 International Society for Clinical Densitometry official positions.

Comparing self-assessment, functional, and anthropometric techniques in predicting osteoporosis.

Unlabelled: The osteoporosis self-assessment tool was more accurate than hand grip strength, gait speed, and calf circumference in predicting osteoporosis in women. Hand grip strength was more accurate than the osteoporosis self-assessment tool, gait speed, and calf circumference in predicting osteoporosis in men.

Purpose: The osteoporosis self-assessment tool, functional assessment, and anthropometric measurement are different techniques to identify those at risk of osteoporosis.

Aggressive cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula: Angioarchitecture analysis and embolization by various approaches.

Background: Most cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (CSDAVFs) present with benign neuro-ophthalmic symptoms. CSDAVFs manifesting with aggressive neurologic symptoms are rare. The purpose of this study was to analyze the different angioarchitectures of aggressive CSDAVFs and to report our experiences of embolization.

Fistula component of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: morphologic change after stereotactic radiosurgery and outcome of embolisation.

Background: The angioarchitecture of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (CAVM) after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to report the angiographic change of AVF components of CAVMs after SRS and outcomes of endovascular embolisation.

Methods: From 2002 to 2012, a total of 523 CAVMs had been treated primarily by SRS with more than 3-year latency.

How far can the radiation dose be lowered in head CT with iterative reconstruction? Analysis of imaging quality and diagnostic accuracy.

Objective: To evaluate the imaging quality of head CT at lowered radiation dose by combining filtered back projection (FBP) and iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithms.

Methods: Experimental group A (n = 66) underwent CT with 43 % tube current reduction, and group B (n = 58) received an equivalent reduced dose by lowering the tube voltage. An age- and sex-matched control group (n = 72) receiving the conventional radiation dose was retrospectively collected.

Improvements in the quantitative assessment of cerebral blood volume and flow with the removal of vessel voxels from MR perfusion images.

Objective: To improve the quantitative assessment of cerebral blood volume (CBV) and flow (CBF) in the brain voxels from MR perfusion images.

Materials And Methods: Normal brain parenchyma was automatically segmented with the time-to-peak criteria after cerebrospinal fluid removal and preliminary vessel voxel removal. Two scaling factors were calculated by comparing the relative CBV and CBF of the segmented normal brain parenchyma with the absolute values in the literature.

Change in brain perfusion after extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery detected using the mean transit time of computed tomography perfusion.

Background: Cerebral perfusion can be evaluated using a computed tomography (CT) scan by intravenous bolus injection of contrast media. The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of CT perfusion (CTP) in follow-up of extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed pre- and postoperative CTP studies in 14 patients who received EC-IC bypass surgery because of cerebral arterial occlusion or stenosis.

Validation and absolute quantification of MR perfusion compared with CT perfusion in patients with unilateral cerebral arterial stenosis.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess absolute quantification of dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance perfusion (MRP) comparing with computed tomography perfusion (CTP) in patients with unilateral stenosis.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively post-processed MRP in 20 patients with unilateral occlusion or stenosis of >79% at the internal carotid artery or the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Absolute quantification of MRP was performed after applying the following techniques: cerebrospinal fluid removal, vessel removal, and automatic segmentation of brain to calculate the scaling factors to convert relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) values to absolute values.

Transorbital direct puncture of the posterior cavernous sinus through the internal carotid artery for embolization of isolated cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula.

Background: Most cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (CSDAVFs) present with benign ocular symptoms; isolated CSDAVFs with aggressive behavior are extremely rare. The treatment goal is to occlude the fistula totally. However, transarterial or venous access may not be possible because of complex angioarchitecture.

Selection of arterial input function for postprocessing of cerebral ct perfusion in chronic unilateral high-grade stenosis or occlusion of the carotid or middle cerebral artery.

Rationale And Objectives: We evaluated the effect of the arterial input function (AIF) on computed tomography perfusion (CTP) in patients with unilateral high-grade stenosis or occlusion in the carotid artery or middle cerebral artery without acute stroke.

Materials And Methods: CTP datasets were retrospectively postprocessed using the same venous output function and different AIF selections: the second segment of the anterior cerebral artery (A2 AIF), the second segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) on the lesion side (affected M2 AIF), and M2 on the contralateral side (nonaffected M2 AIF). We measured CTP values in the region of interest (ROI) in the bilateral MCA territory and evaluated the lesion-to-contralateral ratios.

Risk of post-vertebroplasty fracture in adjacent vertebral bodies appears correlated with the morphologic extent of bone cement.

Background: New fractures in adjacent vertebral bodies were found after percutaneous vertebroplasty. We evaluated the correlation between extent of polymethylmethacrylate cement and occurrence of post-vertebroplasty fractures in patients with osteoporosis.

Methods: Totally 162 adjacent vertebral bodies with no fracture at the time of vertebroplasty and the distribution of cement in corresponding treated vertebral bodies of 98 patients were included for the evaluation.

Are Non-contrast MR Images enough for Detection of Fracture Levels Prior to Percutaneous Vertebroplasty in Patients with Osteoporosis?

We evaluated the detectability of painful vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) on different MRI protocols in 40 osteoporotic patients with thoraco-lumbar osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Five hundred and ten thoracic and lumbar vertebrae in 40 patients were evaluated. All patients underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty.

Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysm with Bare Stent only.

Typical treatment of intracranial aneurysm includes: surgical clipping, intrasacular packing, and parent artery occlusion. The treatment of a fusiform aneurysm is often parent artery occlusion, and keeping patency of the parent artery is difficult.We report our experience in the treatment of 3 cases of intracranial fusiform aneurysm with stent placement inside the parent artery only, without coil packing of the aneurysm lumen.

Complications of carotid blowout syndrome in patients with head and neck cancers treated by covered stents.

The purpose of this study was to improve clinical assessment of carotid-blowout syndrome (CBS) in patients with head-and-neck cancers and with covered stents by evaluating immediate and delayed complications of reconstructive management. Eleven such patients were treated with self-expandable covered stents. We evaluated immediate and delayed complications by assessing clinical and imaging findings.

Patients with head and neck cancers and associated postirradiated carotid blowout syndrome: endovascular therapeutic methods and outcomes.

Purpose: This study retrospectively evaluated the technical and hemostatic outcomes of reconstructive and deconstructive endovascular management in patients with head and neck cancers associated with carotid blowout syndrome (CBS).

Methods: Twenty-four patients with head and neck cancers with CBS involving the main trunk of carotid artery underwent endovascular therapy. This included reconstructive management with self-expandable stent grafts to preserve the diseased carotid artery in 11 patients and deconstructive management with balloons, coils, or acrylic adhesives to occlude the diseased carotid artery in 13 patients.

Benign fibrous histiocytoma associated with a frontoethmoidal mucopyocele and orbital abscess.

A 74-year-old man sought treatment for painful swelling in the right upper eyelid. CT demonstrated a frontoethmoidal mucocele extending in the right orbit with abscess formation. Following functional endoscopic sinus surgery, the inflammatory symptoms in the right eye nearly resolved.

Morphological changes of ulcerative plaque in patients received carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS).

Background: Carotid ulceration plaque is a strong risk factor for stroke and systemic vascular events. The purpose of this study was to assess immediate and follow-up ulcer morphology after carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS).

Methods And Results: A total of 124 patients were included in the study.

Classification of hemodynamics from dynamic-susceptibility-contrast magnetic resonance (DSC-MR) brain images using noiseless independent factor analysis.

Dynamic-susceptibility-contrast (DSC) magnetic resonance imaging records signal changes on images when the injected contrast-agent particles pass through a human brain. The temporal signal changes on different brain tissues manifest distinct blood-supply patterns which are vital for the profound analysis of cerebral hemodynamics. Under the assumption of the spatial independence among these patterns, noiseless independent factor analysis (IFA) was first applied to decompose the DSC-MR data into different independent-factor images with corresponding signal-time curves.