Automated anonymization of radiology reports: comparison of publicly available natural language processing and large language models.

Purpose: Medical reports, governed by HIPAA regulations, contain personal health information (PHI), restricting secondary data use. Utilizing natural language processing (NLP) and large language models (LLM), we sought to employ publicly available methods to automatically anonymize PHI in free-text radiology reports.

Materials And Methods: We compared two publicly available rule-based NLP models (spaCy; NLP, accuracy-optimized; NLP, speed-optimized; iteratively improved on 400 free-text CT-reports (test set)) and one offline LLM approach (LLM-model, LLaMa-2, Meta-AI) for PHI-anonymization.

PAK6 rescues pathogenic LRRK2-mediated ciliogenesis and centrosomal cohesion defects in a mutation-specific manner.

P21 activated kinase 6 (PAK6) is a serine-threonine kinase with physiological expression enriched in the brain and overexpressed in a number of human tumors. While the role of PAK6 in cancer cells has been extensively investigated, the physiological function of the kinase in the context of brain cells is poorly understood. Our previous work uncovered a link between PAK6 and the Parkinson's disease (PD)-associated kinase LRRK2, with PAK6 controlling LRRK2 activity and subcellular localization via phosphorylation of 14-3-3 proteins.

Proteinuria and albuminuria among a global primary cardiovascular disease prevention cohort of people with HIV.

Objectives: To determine baseline prevalence of proteinuria and albuminuria among participants from the Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE) and evaluate associated risk factors.

Design: Cross sectional analysis of a baseline sample of participants from the REPRIEVE Trial.

Methods: REPRIEVE is an international primary cardiovascular prevention randomized controlled trial (RCT) of pitavastatin calcium vs.

Association of Cardiac Troponin T With Coronary Atherosclerosis in Asymptomatic Primary Prevention People With HIV.

Background: Coronary plaque is common among people with HIV (PWH) with low-to-moderate traditional atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the association of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) levels with coronary plaque characteristics and evaluate if hs-cTnT improves identification of these features beyond traditional ASCVD risk factors among PWH.

Methods: Among PWH receiving stable antiretroviral therapy with low-to-moderate ASCVD risk and no known history of ASCVD, hs-cTnT levels and measures of plaque by coronary computed tomography angiography were assessed.

Development and Unfolding of the Life Course Movement in the Field of Maternal and Child Health: An Oral History.

Introduction: A life course perspective in maternal, child, and family health allows for integrated exploration of outcomes, incorporating multifactorial determinants of health to interrogate sources of inequity and identify opportunities for intervention. This article explores the historical development, integration, and implications of the contemporary life course perspective in the field of maternal and child health (MCH), and particularly the people and events which institutionalized the framework as central to national and local MCH practice and research over the last decades.

Methods: Drawing on an oral history approach, key leaders of the life course movement in MCH were interviewed.

Variant Coronary Arterial Collateral Ring.

A 74-year-old man presented with symptoms and noninvasive diagnostic studies suggestive of myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography revealed total occlusion of the distal right coronary artery with a unique accessory coronary ring that provided retrograde collateral flow to the left ventricle, demonstrating the importance of considering non-native vessels when identifying target lesions.

Coronary Plaque in People With HIV vs Non-HIV Asymptomatic Community and Symptomatic Higher-Risk Populations.

Background: People with HIV (PWH) have a high burden of coronary plaques; however, the comparison to people without known HIV (PwoH) needs clarification.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine coronary plaque burden/phenotype in PWH vs PwoH.

Methods: Nonstatin using participants from 3 contemporary populations without known coronary plaques with coronary CT were compared: the REPRIEVE (Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV) studying PWH without cardiovascular symptoms at low-to-moderate risk (n = 755); the SCAPIS (Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study) of asymptomatic community PwoH at low-to-intermediate cardiovascular risk (n = 23,558); and the PROMISE (Prospective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain) of stable chest pain PwoH (n = 2,291).

Association of T-cell subtypes with macrophage-specific arterial infiltration in people with HIV.

People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH) face an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the general population. We previously demonstrated that people with (versus without) HIV have higher macrophage-specific arterial infiltration in relation to systemic monocyte activation. We now show that select T lymphocyte subpopulations (naïve CD4 + , effector memory CD4 + , and central memory CD8 + ) are differentially associated with macrophage-specific arterial infiltration among participants with versus without HIV, with evidence of interaction by HIV status.

Lipoprotein subclasses are associated with Hepatic steatosis: insights from the prospective multicenter imaging study for the evaluation of chest pain (PROMISE) clinical trial.

Objectives: To determine the relationship between lipoprotein particle size/number with hepatic steatosis (HS), given its association with traditional lipoproteins and coronary atherosclerosis.

Methods: Individuals with available CT data and blood samples enrolled in the PROMISE trial were studied. HS was defined based on CT attenuation.

Selective Use of CT Fractional Flow at a Large Academic Medical Center: Insights from Clinical Implementation after 1 Year of Practice.

Purpose This special report outlines a retrospective observational study of CT fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) analysis using dual-source coronary CT angiography (CTA) scans performed without heart rate control and its impact on clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods All patients who underwent clinically indicated coronary CTA between August 2020 and August 2021 were included in this retrospective observational study. Scans were performed in the late systolic to early diastolic period without heart rate control and analyzed at the interpreting physician's discretion.

Bichloride-based ionic liquids for the merged storage, processing, and electrolysis of hydrogen chloride.

Hydrogen chloride is produced as a by-product in industrial processes on a million-ton scale. Since HCl is inherently dangerous, its storage and transport are avoided by, e.g.

Polygenic Scores and Preclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Individuals With HIV: Insights From the REPRIEVE Trial.

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death among the 38.4 million people with HIV globally. The extent to which cardiovascular polygenic risk scores (PRSs) derived in non-HIV populations generalize to people with HIV is not well understood.