Influence of St. John's Wort on Intravenous Fentanyl Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Clinical Effects: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Patients often use complementary and alternative herbal medicines, hence, potential exists for adverse herb-drug interactions. Fentanyl is metabolized by hepatic CYP3A4 and considered transported by blood-brain barrier P-glycoprotein. Both disposition processes could be upregulated by the herbal St.

Microdermal Implants Show No Effect on Surrounding Tissue During Surgery With Electrocautery.

Background: Microdermal implants are an increasingly popular form of body jewelry. The potential for electrical conduction burn at the site of metal jewelry left in situ during electrosurgery has prompted surgical societies to recommend routine removal before surgery. To date, however, there is a lack of evidence to support this practice.

The effects of hemorrhage on the pharmacokinetics of tranexamic acid in a swine model.

Background: The early use of tranexamic acid (TXA) is strongly advocated in patients who are likely to require massive transfusion to decrease mortality. This study determines the influence of hemorrhage on the pharmacokinetics of TXA in a porcine model.

Methods: The investigation was a prospective experimental study in Yucatan minipigs.

No intravenous access, no problem: Intraosseous administration of tranexamic acid is as effective as intravenous in a porcine hemorrhage model.

Background: The acute coagulopathy of trauma is often accompanied by hyperfibrinolysis. Tranexamic acid (TXA) can reverse this phenomenon, and, when given early, decreases mortality from bleeding. Establishing intravenous (IV) access can be difficult in trauma and intraosseous (IO) access is often preferred for drug administration.

The Resuscitative and Pharmacokinetic Effects of Humeral Intraosseous Vasopressin in a Swine Model of Ventricular Fibrillation.

Unlabelled: Introduction The American Heart Association (AHA; Dallas, Texas USA) and European Resuscitation Council (Niel, Belgium) cardiac arrest (CA) guidelines recommend the intraosseous (IO) route when intravenous (IV) access cannot be obtained. Vasopressin has been used as an alternative to epinephrine to treat ventricular fibrillation (VF). Hypothesis/Problem Limited data exist on the pharmacokinetics and resuscitative effects of vasopressin administered by the humeral IO (HIO) route for treatment of VF.

Onset and duration of intravenous and intraosseous rocuronium in hypovolemic swine.

Objective: Compare the onset and duration of rocuronium administered via the intravenous (IV), and intraosseous (IO) routes in a hypovolemic swine model.

Design: Prospective, between subjects, experimental study.

Setting: Vivarium.

The comparison of humeral intraosseous and intravenous administration of vasopressin on return of spontaneous circulation and pharmacokinetics in a hypovolemic cardiac arrest swine model.

Introduction: The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends intravenous (IV) or intraosseous (IO) vasopressin in Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS). Obtaining IV access in hypovolemic cardiac arrest patients can be difficult, and IO access is often obtained in these life threatening situations. No studies have been conducted to determine the effects of humeral IO (HIO) access with vasopressin in the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).

Pharmacokinetics of sternal intraossesous atropine administration in normovolemic and hypovolemic swine.

Objective: Characterize and compare the pharmacokinetics of atropine administered via the sternal intraosseous (IO) route in a normovolemic and hypovolemic swine model.

Design: Prospective, experimental study.

Setting: Vivarium.

The pharmacokinetics of intraosseous atropine in hypovolemic swine.

Objective: Compare the pharmacokinetics of atropine administered via the intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and intraosseous (IO) routes in a normovolemic and hypovolemic swine model.

Design: Prospective, between subjects, experimental study.

Setting: Vivarium.

Comparison of muscle paralysis after intravenous and intraosseous administration of succinylcholine in Swine.

Aim: To compare the onset and duration of intravenous (IV) and intraosseous (IO) administration of succinylcholine in swine.

Methods: Electromyographic (EMG) amplitudes were used to characterize muscle paralysis following administration of succinylcholine via the IV or IO route in four Yorkshire-cross swine.

Results: The onset of action of succinylcholine was statistically longer after IO administration (0.

Onset and duration of intravenous and intraosseous rocuronium in swine.

Introduction: The intraosseous (IO) route has become a popular method to gain access to the peripheral circulation in emergency situations. Despite little supporting data, it is generally believed that IO absorption is immediate and equivalent to the intravenous (IV) route. It is important to determine if rocuronium can effectively be administered by the IO route.

The effects of QuikClot Combat Gauze and movement on hemorrhage control in a porcine model.

The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to examine the effectiveness of QuikClot Combat Gauze (QCG) compared to a control group and (2) investigate the effect of movement on hemorrhage control when QCG is employed. This was a prospective, experimental design employing an established porcine model of uncontrolled hemorrhage. The minimum number of animals (n = 11 per group) was used to obtain a statistically valid result.

Comparison of tibial intraosseous, sternal intraosseous, and intravenous routes of administration on pharmacokinetics of epinephrine during cardiac arrest: a pilot study.

The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the maximum concentration (C(max)) and time to maximum concentration (T(max)) of epinephrine administered via tibial intraosseous (IO), sternal IO, and intravenous (i.v.) routes in a porcine model of cardiac arrest during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

The effects of QuikClot Combat Gauze on hemorrhage control in the presence of hemodilution.

Introduction: Although hemostatic agents may be effective at stopping hemorrhage, they may fail because of hemodilution from intravenous fluids. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of QuikClot Combat Gauze (QCG) on rebleeding in a class II hemorrhage in the presence of hemodilution in a lethal femoral injury.

Methods: This was a prospective experimental, between swine subjects design.

The effects of BleedArrest on hemorrhage control in a porcine model.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the hemostatic agent BleedArrest compared to control. This was a prospective, experimental design employing an established porcine model of uncontrolled hemorrhage. The minimum number of animals (n=10 per group) was used to obtain a statistically valid result.

The effects of arterial blood pressure on rebleeding when BleedArrest, Celox and TraumaDex are used in a porcine model of lethal femoral injury.

Uncontrolled bleeding remains the leading cause of preventable death in trauma. Hemostatic agents are effective in hemorrhage control but often fail following high-volume crystalloid resuscitation. Aggressive fluid resuscitation increases the blood pressure which may dislodge the newly formed clot causing rebleeding.

The effects of BleedArrest, Celox, and TraumaDex on hemorrhage control in a porcine model.

Background: Hemorrhage is the second leading cause of death in civilian trauma and the leading cause of preventable death in military trauma. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of three hemostatic agents: BleedArrest, TraumaDex, and Celox.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective, experimental study using male Yorkshire swine.