Novel, non-invasive markers for detecting therapy induced neuroendocrine differentiation in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients.

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), a highly aggressive variant of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), often emerges upon treatment with androgen pathway inhibitors, via neuroendocrine differentiation. Currently, NEPC diagnosis is challenging as available markers are not sufficiently specific. Our objective was to identify novel, extracellular vesicles (EV)-based biomarkers for diagnosing NEPC.

MicroRNA determinants of neuroendocrine differentiation in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Therapy-induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), an extremely aggressive variant of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), is increasing in incidence with the widespread use of highly potent androgen receptor (AR)-pathway inhibitors (APIs) such as Enzalutamide (ENZ) and Abiraterone and arises via a reversible trans-differentiation process, referred to as neuroendocrine differentiation (NED). The molecular basis of NED is not completely understood leading to a lack of effective molecular markers for its diagnosis. Here, we demonstrate for the first time, that lineage switching to NE states is accompanied by key miRNA alterations including downregulation of miR-106a~363 cluster and upregulation of miR-301a and miR-375.

Using neuronal extracellular vesicles and machine learning to predict cognitive deficits in HIV.

Our objective was to predict HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) in HIV-infected people using plasma neuronal extracellular vesicle (nEV) proteins, clinical data, and machine learning. We obtained 60 plasma samples from 38 women and 22 men, all with HIV infection and 40 with HAND. All underwent neuropsychological testing.

Venous thromboembolism: management by American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons.

A 2008 survey of American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons membership explored current venous thromboembolism (VTE) protocols for lower-extremity total joint surgery. Fifty-three percent reported a change in VTE-related practices in the last 5 years. More than 70% reported that their primary hospital now mandates VTE prophylaxis.

Catheter-induced left internal mammary artery dissection: a report of two cases and review of the literature.

Coronary artery dissection is a well-described but rare complication of diagnostic angiography. With increased numbers of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, the number of patients undergoing repeat angiography for chest pain should likewise increase. The authors report two cases of catheter-induced left internal mammary (LIMA) dissection and review the existing literature.