Learning soft tissue deformation from incremental simulations.

Background: Surgical planning for orthognathic procedures demands swift and accurate biomechanical modeling of facial soft tissues. Efficient simulations are vital in the clinical pipeline, as surgeons may iterate through multiple plans. Biomechanical simulations typically use the finite element method (FEM).

Correspondence attention for facial appearance simulation.

In orthognathic surgical planning for patients with jaw deformities, it is crucial to accurately simulate the changes in facial appearance that follow the bony movement. Compared with the traditional biomechanics-based methods like the finite-element method (FEM), which are both labor-intensive and computationally inefficient, deep learning-based methods offer an efficient and robust modeling alternative. However, current methods do not account for the physical relationship between facial soft tissue and bony structure, causing them to fall short in accuracy compared to FEM.

Measurement of Force and Intramuscular Pressure Changes Related to Thrust Spinal Manipulation in an In Vivo Animal Model.

Current knowledge regarding biomechanical in vivo deep tissue measures related to spinal manipulation remain somewhat limited. More in vivo animal studies are needed to better understand the effects viscoelastic tissue properties (i.e.

In vivo measurement of intradiscal pressure changes related to thrust and non-thrust spinal manipulation in an animal model: a pilot study.

Background: The intervertebral disc is a known back pain generator and is frequently the focus of spinal manipulative therapy evaluation and treatment. The majority of our current knowledge regarding intradiscal pressure (IDP) changes related to spinal manual therapy involves cadaveric studies with their inherent limitations. Additional in vivo animal models are needed to investigate intervertebral disc physiological and molecular mechanisms related to spinal manipulation and spinal mobilization treatment for low back disorders.

Simulation of Postoperative Facial Appearances via Geometric Deep Learning for Efficient Orthognathic Surgical Planning.

Orthognathic surgery corrects jaw deformities to improve aesthetics and functions. Due to the complexity of the craniomaxillofacial (CMF) anatomy, orthognathic surgery requires precise surgical planning, which involves predicting postoperative changes in facial appearance. To this end, most conventional methods involve simulation with biomechanical modeling methods, which are labor intensive and computationally expensive.

Deep Simulation of Facial Appearance Changes Following Craniomaxillofacial Bony Movements in Orthognathic Surgical Planning.

Facial appearance changes with the movements of bony segments in orthognathic surgery of patients with craniomaxillofacial (CMF) deformities. Conventional bio-mechanical methods, such as finite element modeling (FEM), for simulating such changes, are labor intensive and computationally expensive, preventing them from being used in clinical settings. To overcome these limitations, we propose a deep learning framework to predict post-operative facial changes.

A novel incremental simulation of facial changes following orthognathic surgery using FEM with realistic lip sliding effect.

Accurate prediction of facial soft-tissue changes following orthognathic surgery is crucial for surgical outcome improvement. We developed a novel incremental simulation approach using finite element method (FEM) with a realistic lip sliding effect to improve the prediction accuracy in the lip region. First, a lip-detailed mesh is generated based on accurately digitized lip surface points.

Testosterone therapy and bone quality in men with diabetes and hypogonadism: Study design and protocol.

Context: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is often accompanied by male hypogonadism and both conditions are associated with increased risk for fractures. Testosterone (T) has been shown to improve the bone health of hypogonadal men but has not been tested in patients who also have T2D in addition to low T. To date, there is no treatment that is specifically recommended for bone disease among patients with T2D.

A New Approach of Predicting Facial Changes following Orthognathic Surgery using Realistic Lip Sliding Effect.

Accurate prediction of facial soft-tissue changes following orthognathic surgery is crucial for improving surgical outcome. However, the accuracy of current prediction methods still requires further improvement in clinically critical regions, especially the lips. We develop a novel incremental simulation approach using finite element method (FEM) with realistic lip sliding effect to improve the prediction accuracy in the area around the lips.

An eFTD-VP framework for efficiently generating patient-specific anatomically detailed facial soft tissue FE mesh for craniomaxillofacial surgery simulation.

Accurate surgical planning and prediction of craniomaxillofacial surgery outcome requires simulation of soft tissue changes following osteotomy. This can only be achieved by using an anatomically detailed facial soft tissue model. The current state-of-the-art of model generation is not appropriate to clinical applications due to the time-intensive nature of manual segmentation and volumetric mesh generation.

Characteristics of Paraspinal Muscle Spindle Response to Mechanically Assisted Spinal Manipulation: A Preliminary Report.

Objectives: The purpose of this preliminary study is to determine muscle spindle response characteristics related to the use of 2 solenoid powered clinical mechanically assisted manipulation (MAM) devices.

Methods: L6 muscle spindle afferents with receptive fields in paraspinal muscles were isolated in 6 cats. Neural recordings were made during L7 MAM thrusts using the Activator V (Activator Methods Int.

A clinically validated prediction method for facial soft-tissue changes following double-jaw surgery.

Purpose: It is clinically important to accurately predict facial soft-tissue changes prior to orthognathic surgery. However, the current simulation methods are problematic, especially in anatomic regions of clinical significance, e.g.

Improved Rubin-Bodner model for the prediction of soft tissue deformations.

In craniomaxillofacial (CMF) surgery, a reliable way of simulating the soft tissue deformation resulted from skeletal reconstruction is vitally important for preventing the risks of facial distortion postoperatively. However, it is difficult to simulate the soft tissue behaviors affected by different types of CMF surgery. This study presents an integrated bio-mechanical and statistical learning model to improve accuracy and reliability of predictions on soft facial tissue behavior.

Neural Response During a Mechanically Assisted Spinal Manipulation in an Animal Model: A Pilot Study.

Introduction: Mechanoreceptor stimulation is theorized to contribute to the therapeutic efficacy of spinal manipulation. Use of mechanically-assisted spinal manipulation (MA-SM) devices is increasing among manual therapy clinicians worldwide. The purpose of this pilot study is to determine the feasibility of recording muscle spindle responses during a MA-SM in an intervertebral fixated animal model.

An eFace-Template Method for Efficiently Generating Patient-Specific Anatomically-Detailed Facial Soft Tissue FE Models for Craniomaxillofacial Surgery Simulation.

Accurate surgical planning and prediction of craniomaxillofacial surgery outcome requires simulation of soft-tissue changes following osteotomy. This can only be accomplished on an anatomically-detailed facial soft tissue model. However, current anatomically-detailed facial soft tissue model generation is not appropriate for clinical applications due to the time intensive nature of manual segmentation and volumetric mesh generation.

In vitro biomechanical evaluation of single impulse and repetitive mechanical shockwave devices utilized for spinal manipulative therapy.

Mechanical shockwave therapy devices have been in clinical use for almost 40 years. While most often used to treat back pain, our understanding of their biomechanical performance is very limited. From biomechanical studies we know that biological tissue is viscoelastic and preferably excited around its resonance frequency.

Scaffold pore space modulation through intelligent design of dissolvable microparticles.

The goal of this area of research is to manipulate the pore space of scaffolds through the application of an intelligent design concept on dissolvable microparticles. To accomplish this goal, we developed an efficient and repeatable process for fabrication of microparticles from multiple materials using a combination of rapid prototyping (RP) and soft lithography. Phase changed 3D printing was used to create masters for PDMS molds.

Computer-aided tissue engineering: benefiting from the control over scaffold micro-architecture.

Minimization schema in nature affects the material arrangements of most objects, independent of scale. The field of cellular solids has focused on the generalization of these natural architectures (bone, wood, coral, cork, honeycombs) for material improvement and elucidation into natural growth mechanisms. We applied this approach for the comparison of a set of complex three-dimensional (3D) architectures containing the same material volume but dissimilar architectural arrangements.

Premature adjacent vertebral fracture after vertebroplasty: a biomechanical study.

Background: There is an increased incidence of fractures in untreated adjacent vertebrae after vertebroplasty.

Objective: To introduce unconstrained 6 degrees of freedom biomechanical testing to investigate whether vertebroplasty lowered the fracture strength of adjacent untreated vertebrae under physiological loading conditions and to describe the observed fracture pattern.

Methods: Three-level spinal segments (T10-12 and L1-3) from 6 spines were tested under unconstrained axial compression in which shear forces and torque were minimized using a 6-degrees of freedom robotic arm.

Comparison of reaching kinematics during mirror and parallel robot assisted movements.

The use of robotic devices in rehabilitation allows therapists to administer the desired movement with the preferred level of assistance while expending minimum effort. Robotic devices have been used in recent years to enhance sensori-motor recovery of the impaired arm in persons with stroke. Despite recent recommendations for bimanual practice, robot-assisted bimanual activities are rarely explored and are limited to mirror image movements.

Geometry-based algorithm for the prediction of nonpathologic mandibular movement.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to create a model for human mandibular movement prediction based on the geometry of the mandible.

Materials And Methods: Ten nonpathologic individuals underwent motion tracking and sagittal radiographs. From the data, a mathematical algorithm for mandibular movement prediction was developed based on mandibular geometry.

Clinical feasibility of computer-aided surgical simulation (CASS) in the treatment of complex cranio-maxillofacial deformities.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish clinical feasibility of our 3-dimensional computer-aided surgical simulation (CASS) for complex craniomaxillofacial surgery.

Materials And Methods: Five consecutive patients with complex craniomaxillofacial deformities, including hemifacial microsomia, defects after tumor ablation, and deformity after TMJ reconstruction, were used. The patients' surgical interventions were planned by using the authors' CASS planning method.

Accuracy of the computer-aided surgical simulation (CASS) system in the treatment of patients with complex craniomaxillofacial deformity: A pilot study.

Purpose: Current surgical planning methods are usually not adequate for the treatment of patients with complex craniomaxillofacial (CMF) deformities. To this end, we have developed a 3-dimensional (3D) computer-aided surgical simulation (CASS) planning method for the treatment of patients with complex CMF deformities. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the accuracy of this technique in the treatment of patients with complex CMF deformities.