Validation of Quality Assessment Measures for Inpatient Gastroenterology Consults on Oncologic Patients in Non-teaching Services at a Cancer Center: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: To develop and validate tools for measuring inpatient gastroenterology (GI) consultation quality on oncologic patients.

Methods: A total of 145 inpatient GI consults were analyzed using electronic health records in this cross-sectional study. Essential Consult Elements on oncologic-hospitalized patients (EE-COH) and Hospitalized Oncologic Patients Enhanced Quality of Consult Assessment Tool (HOPE-QCAT) were used for grading.

Machine Learning Algorithm to Perform the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification.

Objective: The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status (PS) Classification System defines perioperative patient scores ranging from 1 to 6 (healthy to brain dead, respectively). The scoring is performed and used by physician anesthesiologists and providers to classify surgical patients based on co-morbidities and various clinical characteristics. There is potentially a variability in scoring stemming from individual biases.

Safety and Efficacy of Oxaliplatin Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosolized Chemotherapy (PIPAC) in Colorectal and Appendiceal Cancer with Peritoneal Metastases: Results of a Multicenter Phase I Trial in the USA.

Background: Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosolized chemotherapy (PIPAC) is a laparoscopic locoregional treatment for peritoneal metastases (PM) from colorectal cancer (CRC) or appendiceal cancer (AC) in patients who cannot undergo cytoreductive surgery (CRS). While PIPAC has been studied in Europe and Asia, it has not been investigated in the USA.

Patients And Methods: We evaluated PIPAC with 90 mg/m oxaliplatin alone (cycle 1) and preceded by systemic chemotherapy with fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV) (cycle 2-3) as a multicenter prospective phase I clinical trial (NCT04329494).

A Memorizing and Generalizing Framework for Lifelong Person Re-Identification.

In this paper, we introduce a challenging yet practical setting for person re-identification (ReID) task, named lifelong person re-identification (LReID), which aims to continuously train a ReID model across multiple domains and the trained model is required to generalize well on both seen and unseen domains. It is therefore critical to learn a ReID model that can learn a generalized representation without forgetting knowledge of seen domains. In this paper, we propose a new MEmorizing and GEneralizing framework (MEGE) for LReID, which can jointly prevent the model from forgetting and improve its generalization ability.

Deep Learning for Instance Retrieval: A Survey.

In recent years a vast amount of visual content has been generated and shared from many fields, such as social media platforms, medical imaging, and robotics. This abundance of content creation and sharing has introduced new challenges, particularly that of searching databases for similar content - Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) - a long-established research area in which improved efficiency and accuracy are needed for real-time retrieval. Artificial intelligence has made progress in CBIR and has significantly facilitated the process of instance search.

Pain, Analgesic Use, and Patient Satisfaction With Spinal Versus General Anesthesia for Hip Fracture Surgery : A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: The REGAIN (Regional versus General Anesthesia for Promoting Independence after Hip Fracture) trial found similar ambulation and survival at 60 days with spinal versus general anesthesia for hip fracture surgery. Trial outcomes evaluating pain, prescription analgesic use, and patient satisfaction have not yet been reported.

Objective: To compare pain, analgesic use, and satisfaction after hip fracture surgery with spinal versus general anesthesia.

PIPAC for the Treatment of Gynecologic and Gastrointestinal Peritoneal Metastases: Technical and Logistic Considerations of a Phase 1 Trial.

Background: Peritoneal metastases (PM) from ovarian, gastric, appendiceal, or colorectal origin can be treated via cytoreductive surgery with or without the addition of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for selected patients. Unfortunately, not all patients are candidates for aggressive surgical debulking. For these patients, pressurized intraperitoneal aerosolized chemotherapy (PIPAC) has emerged as an alternative method for intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy administration.

Episodic, severe abdominal pain due to isolated jejunal Crohn's disease.

Small bowel Crohn's disease can present with episodic, relapsing, and remitting symptoms and delays in the diagnosis are common. We present a case of a young woman with three years of intermittent abdominal pain and nausea with negative previous evaluations. On presentation, inflammatory markers were elevated, and repeat imaging showed jejunal inflammation, with histopathological examination showing non-caseating granulomas of the small bowel consistent with Crohn's disease.

A Reckless Guide to P-values : Local Evidence, Global Errors.

This chapter demystifies P-values, hypothesis tests and significance tests and introduces the concepts of local evidence and global error rates. The local evidence is embodied in this data and concerns the hypotheses of interest for this experiment, whereas the global error rate is a property of the statistical analysis and sampling procedure. It is shown using simple examples that local evidence and global error rates can be, and should be, considered together when making inferences.

Evaluating effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy within multimodal treatment for chronic groin pain after inguinal hernia repair.

Introduction: The development of chronic groin pain after inguinal hernia repair is a complex problem with many potential factors contributing to its development. Surgical options for alleviation of symptoms are limited and only performed by a few centers dedicated to its treatment. Opportunities to apply the principles of a prehabilitation program, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), aim to improve the surgical outcomes for this condition.

Multi-Component Mechanism of H2 Relaxin Binding to RXFP1 through NanoBRET Kinetic Analysis.

The peptide hormone H2 relaxin has demonstrated promise as a therapeutic, but mimetic development has been hindered by the poorly understood relaxin receptor RXFP1 activation mechanism. H2 relaxin is hypothesized to bind to two distinct ECD sites, which reorientates the N-terminal LDLa module to activate the transmembrane domain. Here we provide evidence for this model in live cells by measuring bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) between nanoluciferase-tagged RXFP1 constructs and fluorescently labeled H2 relaxin (NanoBRET).

Hypothermia Is Associated with Surgical Site Infection in Cytoreductive Surgery with Hyperthermic Intra-Peritoneal Chemotherapy.

Background: Maintenance of peri-operative normothermia remains a global quality metric for hospitals. Hypothermia is associated with surgical site infections (SSIs) in colorectal surgery. Patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intra-peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) can experience multiple complications post-operatively.

Cortisol limits selected actions of synthetic glucocorticoids in the airway epithelium.

Cortisol, a physiologic glucocorticoid (GC), is essential for growth and differentiation of the airway epithelium. Epithelial function influences inflammation in chronic respiratory diseases. Synthetic GCs, including inhaled corticosteroids, exert anti-inflammatory effects in airway epithelium by transactivation of genes and by inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine release.

Preparing Cancer Patients and Family Caregivers for Lung Surgery: Development of a Multimedia Self-Management Intervention.

The surgical treatment of lung malignancies often results in persistent symptoms, psychosocial distress, and decrements in quality of life (QOL) for cancer patients and their family caregivers (FCGs). The potential benefits of providing patients and FCGs with preparatory education that begins in the preoperative setting have been explored in multiple medical conditions, with positive impact observed on postoperative recovery, psychological distress, and QOL. However, few studies have explored the benefits of preparatory educational interventions to promote self-management in cancer surgery, including lung surgery.

Inhibition of β2-adrenergic receptor reduces triple-negative breast cancer brain metastases: The potential benefit of perioperative β-blockade.

In response to recent studies, we investigated an association between perioperative β-blockade and breast cancer metastases. First, a retrospective study examining perioperative β-blocker use and cancer recurrence and metastases was conducted on 1,029 patients who underwent breast cancer surgery at the City of Hope Cancer Center between 2000 and 2010. We followed the clinical study and examined proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro of primary and brain-metastatic breast cancer cells in response to β2-activation and inhibition.

Biased signalling from the glucocorticoid receptor: Renewed opportunity for tailoring glucocorticoid activity.

Recent landmark studies applying analytical pharmacology approaches to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) have demonstrated that different ligands can cause differential activation of distinct GR-regulated genes. Drawing on concepts of signalling bias from the field of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) biology, we speculate that ligand-dependent differences in GR signalling can be considered analogous to GPCR biased signalling, and thus can be quantitatively analysed in a similar way. This type of approach opens up the possibility of using rational structure-based drug optimisation strategies to improve the therapeutic selectivity of glucocorticoid drugs to maximise their efficacy and minimise adverse effects.

Assessment of the Double-Staple Technique for Esophagoenteric Anastomosis in Gastric Cancer.

Introduction: Reports on outcomes after double-staple technique (DST) for total and proximal gastrectomy are limited, originating mostly from Asian centers. Our objective was to examine anastomotic leak and stricture with DST for esophagoenteric anastomosis in gastric cancer patients.

Methods: A single institution review was performed for patients who underwent total/proximal gastrectomy with DST between 2006 and 2015.

Use of a mobile tower-based robot--The initial Xi robot experience in surgical oncology.

Background And Objectives: The da Vinci Xi platform provides expanded movement of the arms relative to the base, theoretically allowing increased versatility in complex multi-field or multi-quadrant surgery. We describe the initial Xi experience in oncologic surgery at a tertiary cancer center.

Methods: One hundred thirty unique robot-assisted procedures were performed using the Xi between 2014 and 2015, 112 of which were oncology surgeries.

Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) protein and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) protein coupling is required for sustained inflammatory signaling.

G protein-coupled receptors of nociceptive neurons can sensitize transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels, which amplify neurogenic inflammation and pain. Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR(2)), a receptor for inflammatory proteases, is a major mediator of neurogenic inflammation and pain. We investigated the signaling mechanisms by which PAR(2) regulates TRPV4 and determined the importance of tyrosine phosphorylation in this process.

N-glycosylation determines ionic permeability and desensitization of the TRPV1 capsaicin receptor.

The balance of glycosylation and deglycosylation of ion channels can markedly influence their function and regulation. However, the functional importance of glycosylation of the TRPV1 receptor, a key sensor of pain-sensing nerves, is not well understood, and whether TRPV1 is glycosylated in neurons is unclear. We report that TRPV1 is N-glycosylated and that N-glycosylation is a major determinant of capsaicin-evoked desensitization and ionic permeability.

Bad statistical practice in pharmacology (and other basic biomedical disciplines): you probably don't know P.

Statistical analysis is universally used in the interpretation of the results of basic biomedical research, being expected by referees and readers alike. Its role in helping researchers to make reliable inference from their work and its contribution to the scientific process cannot be doubted, but can be improved. There is a widespread and pervasive misunderstanding of P-values that limits their utility as a guide to inference, and a change in the manner in which P-values are specified and interpreted will lead to improved outcomes.