The role of duration and frequency of occurrence in perceived pitch structure.

Introduction: To survive, organisms need to organize perceptual input into coherent, usable structures. Research has illuminated the potential role of frequency of occurrence and duration as cues to extract statistical regularities from our environment. Musical stimuli provide a unique opportunity to study how these cues are used to organize auditory input into higher level perceptual entities, i.

Buprenorphine versus methadone in the treatment of pregnant opioid-dependent patients: effects on the neonatal abstinence syndrome.

This study was designed to compare the neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in neonates of methadone and buprenorphine maintained pregnant opioid-dependent women and to provide preliminary safety and efficacy data for a larger multi-center trial. This randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, flexible dosing, parallel-group controlled trial was conducted in a comprehensive drug-treatment facility that included residential and ambulatory care. Participants were opioid-dependent pregnant women and their neonates.

The preferred timing of second-trimester obstetric sonography based on maternal body mass index.

Objective: To determine the preferred timing of sonographic screening of fetal anatomy based on the maternal body mass index (BMI).

Methods: We abstracted the sonographic reports of 2,303 gravidas undergoing routine fetal anatomic screening between 15 and 24 weeks' gestation to determine the completeness of the study. Height and weight information was available on 1444 patients.

Fetal anatomic and functional echocardiography: a 5-year review.

Objective: To assess the concordance of fetal and postnatal echocardiography when congenital heart disease is suspected prenatally.

Methods: The perinatology and pediatric cardiology ultrasound databases were searched for fetal echocardiograms obtained between June 1995 and June 2000. All cases with abnormal fetal echocardiographic findings in which postnatal echocardiography was performed were included.

Antenatal diagnosis of single umbilical artery: is fetal echocardiography warranted?

Objective: To estimate the utility of fetal echocardiography in the evaluation of the fetus with isolated single umbilical artery.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of fetuses diagnosed with single umbilical artery by sonography was conducted between January 1995 and June 2000 (n = 127). In the 103 patients who had fetal echocardiograms, we examined the frequency of abnormal echocardiographic findings when the initial sonogram demonstrated a normal four-chamber view and cardiac outflow tracts.