On generation of statoconia in gravireceptors of mollusks.

Two models of development of statoconia in the statocyst of mollusks, based on the experimental data [Hearing Res. 49 (1990) 63; Hearing Res. 109 (1997) 125; Hearing Res.

A critical period for gravitational effects on otolith formation.

The otoliths of adult animals do not change significantly during space flight. However, during the period when otoliths are first developing, rearing in space produces significantly larger otoliths. Conversely, animals reared on a centrifuge have smaller than normal otoliths.