STEPS (Study To Examine Parent, Patient/Dental Provider Systems) to Prevent Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Related Cancers: A Piloted Dental Patient and Provider Evaluation of Current and Future HPV Education.

Oropharyngeal human papillomavirus (HPV) cancers are prevalent, but HPV education in dental clinics is uncommon. The purpose of this study was to evaluate dental provider and patient knowledge from, attitudes towards, and preferences for HPV education, then assess perceptions of existing HPV educational materials for use at dental visits. Appalachian Ohio dental patients (n = 13) and general/pediatric dental providers (n = 10) completed an initial, close-ended survey on current HPV knowledge and HPV educational attitudes, participation, and resource preferences.

Intolerance of Uncertainty and Cognition in Breast Cancer Survivors: The Mediating Role of Anxiety.

Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is one of the most prevalent symptoms that breast cancer survivors experience. While cancer treatments are established contributors to CRCI, inter-individual differences in CRCI are not well understood. Individual differences in sensitivity to uncertainty are potential contributors to CRCI; however, no prior studies have attempted to examine this link in the context of breast cancer.

Accelerating Colorectal Cancer Screening and Follow-up through Implementation Science (ACCSIS) in Appalachia: protocol for a group randomized, delayed intervention trial.

Appalachian regions of Kentucky and Ohio are hotspots for colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality in the USA. Screening reduces CRC incidence and mortality; however, screening uptake is needed, especially in these underserved geographic areas. Implementation science offers strategies to address this challenge.

Bayesian semiparametric joint modeling of a count outcome and inconveniently timed longitudinal predictors.

The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Life and Longevity After Cancer (LILAC) study is an excellent resource for studying the quality of life following breast cancer treatment. At study entry, women were asked about new symptoms that appeared following their initial cancer treatment. In this article, we were interested in using regression modeling to estimate associations of clinical and lifestyle factors at cancer diagnosis (independent variables) with the number of new symptoms (dependent variable).

Influence of Literacy, Self-Efficacy, and Social Support on Diabetes-Related Outcomes Following Hospital Discharge.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between health literacy, social support, and self-efficacy as predictors of change in A1c and readmission among hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of patients with T2D (A1c >8.5%) enrolled in a randomized trial in which health literacy (Newest Vital Sign), social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support), and empowerment (Diabetes Empowerment Scale-Short Form) was assessed at baseline.

Self-reported symptoms among cancer survivors in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Life and Longevity after Cancer (LILAC) cohort.

Purpose: Due to cancer survivors living longer and morbidity associated with cancer treatments, it is necessary to understand symptoms experienced by cancer survivors. This study will analyze the symptom burden among a large cohort of survivors across multiple cancer sites.

Methods: Data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Life and Longevity After Cancer (LILAC) study were used to examine the symptom burden of older cancer survivors.

Correlates of physical activity among older breast cancer survivors: Findings from the Women's Health Initiative LILAC study.

Introduction: Physical activity can attenuate cancer-related declines in physical functioning, improve emotional well-being, and prolong survival among older (≥65 years) breast cancer survivors. However, factors associated with physical activity among older breast cancer survivors are not well-understood.

Materials And Methods: Participants were enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Life and Longevity After Cancer (LILAC) study.

Visual attention to blu's parody warnings and the FDA's warning on e-cigarette advertisements.

Objectives: In 2017, the e-cigarette brand, blu, released advertisements featuring large, boxed, positively-framed messages. These messages mimicked the format of FDA-mandated warnings that would appear on e-cigarette advertisements in the United States in 2018. We compared attention to blu's parody warnings and FDA-mandated warning appearing on blu advertisements.

Bayesian semiparametric joint modeling of longitudinal explanatory variables of mixed types and a binary outcome.

Many prospective biomedical studies collect longitudinal clinical and lifestyle data that are both continuous and discrete. In some studies, there is interest in the association between a binary outcome and the values of these longitudinal measurements at a specific time point. A common problem in these studies is inconsistency in timing of measurements and missing follow-ups which can lead to few measurements at the time of interest.

Body image, physical activity and psychological health in older female cancer survivors.

Objectives: To determine the association of physical activity and body image with psychological health outcomes and whether body image mediates the association of physical activity with psychological health among older female cancer survivors.

Materials And Methods: Data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Life and Longevity after Cancer (LILAC) Study were used. Surveys assessed body image (appearance, attractiveness, scars), moderate-strenuous physical activity (min/week), and psychological health (depression, anxiety, distress).

Semi-parametric survival analysis via Dirichlet process mixtures of the First Hitting Time model.

Time-to-event data often violate the proportional hazards assumption inherent in the popular Cox regression model. Such violations are especially common in the sphere of biological and medical data where latent heterogeneity due to unmeasured covariates or time varying effects are common. A variety of parametric survival models have been proposed in the literature which make more appropriate assumptions on the hazard function, at least for certain applications.

Waterpipe Warning Placement and Risk Perceptions: An Eye Tracking Study.

The purpose of this study was to select a health warning message location on a waterpipe (WP) that both attracted visual attention and conveyed the risks associated with WP smoking. During June through November 2019, we conducted a within-subjects randomized experiment (N = 74) using eye tracking equipment to examine visual attention to 3 placements of a health warning on the WP (stem, water bowl, hose). We asked young adult ever WP users 3 questions about WP harm perceptions.

Provider recommendation for HPV vaccination across Hispanic/Latinx subgroups in the United States.

Healthcare provider recommendation is a key predictor of HPV vaccination among adolescents, yet little is known about how parents' receipt of a provider recommendation differs across Hispanic/Latinx subgroups in the United States. We analyzed data from the 2012-2016 National Immunization Survey - Teen on Hispanic/Latinx adolescent ages 13-17 (n = 16,335). Analyses used weighted logistic regression models.

Acceptability of a COVID-19 vaccine among adults in the United States: How many people would get vaccinated?

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic in March 2020. Several prophylactic vaccines against COVID-19 are currently in development, yet little is known about people's acceptability of a COVID-19 vaccine.

Methods: We conducted an online survey of adults ages 18 and older in the United States (n = 2,006) in May 2020.

HPV vaccine coverage across Hispanic/Latinx subgroups in the United States.

Purpose: Research on HPV vaccine coverage in the United States has typically aggregated Hispanic/Latinx individuals into a single group for analyses, an approach that has potentially masked variation between Hispanic/Latinx subgroups. To address this limitation, we examined HPV vaccine coverage across Hispanic/Latinx subgroups.

Methods: We analyzed data on Hispanic/Latinx adolescents ages 13-17 (n = 16,335) from the 2012-2016 National Immunization Survey-Teen.

Assessing the goodness of fit of logistic regression models in large samples: A modification of the Hosmer-Lemeshow test.

Evaluating the goodness of fit of logistic regression models is crucial to ensure the accuracy of the estimated probabilities. Unfortunately, such evaluation is problematic in large samples. Because the power of traditional goodness of fit tests increases with the sample size, practically irrelevant discrepancies between estimated and true probabilities are increasingly likely to cause the rejection of the hypothesis of perfect fit in larger and larger samples.

A Multi-level Model to Understand Cervical Cancer Disparities in Appalachia.

The Appalachian region experiences higher incidence and mortality due to cervical cancer compared with other regions of the United States. The goal of the Ohio State University Center for Population Health and Health Disparities (CPHHD), called the Community Awareness Resources and Education (CARE) project, was to understand reasons for this disparity. The first wave (2003-2008) of funding included three projects focusing on the known risk factors for cervical cancer, lack of screening, smoking, and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV).

Change in Drop-Landing Mechanics Over 2 Years in Young Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background: While between-limb landing asymmetries after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are linked with poor function and risk of additional injury, it is not currently understood how landing symmetry changes over time after ACLR.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose was to investigate how double-legged drop vertical jump (DVJ) landing and single-legged drop-landing symmetry changed from the time of return-to-sport (RTS) clearance to 2 years later in a prospective cohort of young athletes after ACLR. It was hypothesized that double-legged DVJ landing and single-legged drop-landing symmetry would improve from the time of RTS to 2 years later.

Lower patient-reported function at 2 years is associated with elevated knee cartilage T1rho and T2 relaxation times at 5 years in young athletes after ACL reconstruction.

Purpose: The purpose was to test the following hypotheses: (1) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of early knee cartilage degeneration would be present in the involved limb of young athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and (2) poor knee function would be associated with MRI markers of cartilage degeneration.

Methods: Twenty-five young athletes after primary, unilateral ACLR (mean age, 16.7 years) were followed to 5-year post-return-to-sport (RTS) clearance, as a part of a larger, prospective cohort study in young athletes post-ACLR.

Comparison of intent-to-treat analysis strategies for pre-post studies with loss to follow-up.

In pre-post studies when all outcomes are completely observed, previous studies have shown that analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) is more powerful than a change-score analysis in testing the treatment effect. However, there have been few studies comparing power under missing post-test values. This paper was motivated by the Behavior and Exercise for Physical Health Intervention (BePHIT) Study, a pre-post study designed to compare two interventions on postmenopausal women's walk time.

Financial burden among older, long-term cancer survivors: Results from the LILAC study.

Background: Increasing attention is being paid to financial burdens of cancer survivorship, but little is known about the prevalence and predictors of these burdens in older, long-term survivors.

Methods: We used data from 6012 participants diagnosed with cancer since enrolling in the Women's Health Initiative, and who participated in the Life and Longevity After Cancer (LILAC) ancillary study to estimate prevalence and identify predictors of financial burden. We used logistic regression to identify sociodemographic, socioeconomic, health- and cancer-related factors associated with financial burden and backward selection to build a final multivariable model.

Change in longitudinal trends in sleep quality and duration following breast cancer diagnosis: results from the Women's Health Initiative.

Breast cancer survivors frequently report sleep problems, but little research has studied sleep patterns longitudinally. We examined trends in sleep quality and duration up to 15 years before and 20 years after a diagnosis of breast cancer, over time among postmenopausal women participating in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). We included 12,098 participants who developed invasive breast cancer after study enrollment.