Disposable Hearing Aid Battery Management: Survey Assessment of Providers and Qualitative Interviews of Patients.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to better understand the behaviors that hearing aid users engage in to manage batteries. Method Two arms of research, a survey of audiologists ( = 110) and qualitative interviews with adult hearing aid users ( = 13), were conducted. Surveys were distributed and collected both via paper and online methods.

Correlative light and electron microscopy of wall formation in Eimeria nieschulzi.

Coccidian parasites possess complex life cycles involving asexual proliferation followed by sexual development leading to the production of oocysts. Coccidian oocysts are persistent stages which are secreted by the feces and transmitted from host to host guaranteeing life cycle progression and disease transmission. The robust bilayered oocyst wall is formed from the contents of two organelles, the wall-forming bodies type I and II (WFBI, WFBII), located exclusively in the macrogametocyte.

Risk Evaluation of Passive Transmission of Animal Parasites by Feeding of Black Soldier Fly () Larvae and Prepupae.

Black soldier fly larval intestine extracts do not affect coccidian oocysts or nematode eggs. Studied parasites passed through black soldier fly larvae or attached to the larval surface. Black soldier fly larvae as animal feed may pose a risk of parasite transmission.

Distribution and Processing of Eimeria nieschulzi OWP13, a New Protein of the COWP Family.

Eimeria species are important veterinary coccidian parasites and are transmitted between hosts via oocysts. The infectious sporozoites are protected by the oocyst and sporocyst wall. Tyrosine-rich proteins are well-known components of the Eimeria oocyst wall.

Identification and analysis of Eimeria nieschulzi gametocyte genes reveal splicing events of gam genes and conserved motifs in the wall-forming proteins within the genus Eimeria (Coccidia, Apicomplexa).

The genus Eimeria (Apicomplexa, Coccidia) provides a wide range of different species with different hosts to study common and variable features within the genus and its species. A common characteristic of all known Eimeria species is the oocyst, the infectious stage where its life cycle starts and ends. In our study, we utilized Eimeria nieschulzi as a model organism.

Passive immunization with Eimeria tenella gametocyte antigen 56 (EtGAM56) specific antibodies and active immunization trial with the epitope containing peptide.

Eimeria species cause avian coccidiosis leading to substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. Hence, anticoccidial drugs and vaccines have been used to combat this devitalizing disease. An effective vaccine based on gametocyte recombinant proteins would be very useful in terms of cost, labor and ethics (no animal experimentation).

Two COWP-like cysteine rich proteins from Eimeria nieschulzi (coccidia, apicomplexa) are expressed during sporulation and involved in the sporocyst wall formation.

Background: The family of cysteine rich proteins of the oocyst wall (COWPs) originally described in Cryptosporidium can also be found in Toxoplasma gondii (TgOWPs) localised to the oocyst wall as well. Genome sequence analysis of Eimeria suggests that these proteins may also exist in this genus and led us to the assumption that these proteins may also play a role in oocyst wall formation.

Methods: In this study, COWP-like encoding sequences had been identified in Eimeria nieschulzi.

Development of Eimeria nieschulzi (Coccidia, Apicomplexa) Gamonts and Oocysts in Primary Fetal Rat Cells.

The in vitro production of gametocytes and oocysts of the apicomplexan parasite genus Eimeria is still a challenge in coccidiosis research. Until today, an in vitro development of gametocytes or oocysts had only been shown in some Eimeria species. For several mammalian Eimeria species, partial developments could be achieved in different cell types, but a development up to gametocytes or oocysts is still lacking.

Chimeric fluorescent reporter as a tool for generation of transgenic Eimeria (Apicomplexa, Coccidia) strains with stage specific reporter gene expression.

Progress in transfection of Eimeria sporozoites leads to transformed oocysts, however the output of mutants after passages in the host animals is low. Further enrichment of transgenic oocysts was dependent on fluorescent activated cell sorting and could not be achieved by drug selection. In this study, we fused the Toxoplasma gondii DHFR-TSm2m3 pyrimethamine resistance gene with the yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) encoding sequence to provide continuous pyrimethamine resistance and fluorescence in the Eimeria parasite from a single transcript.

Reporter gene expression in cell culture stages and oocysts of Eimeria nieschulzi (Coccidia, Apicomplexa).

The rat parasite Eimeria nieschulzi is a suitable model for transfection studies and was used as an additional model organism for the genus Eimeria. We describe the transfection of this apicomplexan parasites and the cultivation of transformed stages in cell culture and in vivo. The beta-galactosidase or yellow fluorescent protein was expressed in all parasitic stages up to the second merozoite generation in vitro under control of the heterologous promoter region of Eimeria tenella mic1 gene previously described for E.

Improved excystation protocol for Eimeria nieschulzi (Apikomplexa, Coccidia).

Large numbers of sporozoites are a crucial prerequisite for in vitro experiments with Eimeria species. There are no protocols to obtain high amounts of vital purified sporozoites of Eimeria nieschulzi; therefore, an improved excystation protocol is urgently needed. Most excystation procedures for Eimeria oocysts use a mechanical disruption method for the release of sporocysts, assuming that oocyst disruption of Eimeria does not require enzymes (proteases).

Characterization of the spv locus in Salmonella enterica serovar Arizona.

Salmonella enterica serovar Arizona (S. enterica subspecies IIIa) is a common Salmonella isolate from reptiles and can cause serious systemic disease in humans. The spv virulence locus, found on large plasmids in Salmonella subspecies I serovars associated with severe infections, was confirmed to be located on the chromosome of serovar Arizona.