Recommendations to Improve Tick-Borne Encephalitis Surveillance and Vaccine Uptake in Europe.

There has been an increase in reported TBE cases in Europe since 2015, reaching a peak in some countries in 2020, highlighting the need for better management of TBE risk in Europe. TBE surveillance is currently limited, in part, due to varying diagnostic guidelines, access to testing, and awareness of TBE. Consequently, TBE prevalence is underestimated and vaccination recommendations inadequate.

Locally Condensed Water as a Solution for Wet Corrosion Electron Microscopy.

In microstructural corrosion studies, knowledge on the initiation of corrosion on an nm-scale is lacking. In situ transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies can elucidate where/how the corrosion starts, provided that the proper corrosive conditions are present during the investigation. In wet corrosion studies with liquid cell nanoreactors (NRs), the liquid along the electron beam direction leads to strong scattering and therefore image blurring.

Induction of Glucocorticoid-induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ) Contributes to Anti-inflammatory Effects of the Natural Product Curcumin in Macrophages.

GILZ (glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper) is inducible by glucocorticoids and plays a key role in their mode of action. GILZ attenuates inflammation mainly by inhibition of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation but does not seem to be involved in the severe side effects observed after glucocorticoid treatment. Therefore, GILZ might be a promising target for new therapeutic approaches.

sST2 translation is regulated by FGF2 via an hnRNP A1-mediated IRES-dependent mechanism.

Translation is an energy-intensive process and tightly regulated. Generally, translation is initiated in a cap-dependent manner. Under stress conditions, typically found within the tumor microenvironment in association with e.

Morphological and Chemical Evolution of Gradually Deposited Diamond-Like Carbon Films on Polyethylene Terephthalate: From Subplantation Processes to Structural Reorganization by Intrinsic Stress Release Phenomena.

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are nowadays intensively studied composites due to their excellent gas barrier properties and biocompatibility. Despite their applicative features being highly explored, the interface properties and structural film evolution of DLC coatings on PET during deposition processes are still sparsely investigated. In this study two different types of DLC films were gradually deposited on PET by radio frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) using acetylene plasma.

THE AUSTRIAN VACCINATION PARADOX: TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS VACCINATION VERSUS INFLUENZA VACCINATION.

This paper describes a paradoxical situation in Austria. The vaccination rate against tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in the general population is 82%, which is the highest worldwide, whereas the vaccination rate against influenza is about 8% and is among the lowest worldwide. A high awareness of TBE among the Austrian population achieved by an annual social marketing programme and the wide use of effective and well-tolerated vaccines have led to a successful containment of that disease.

Characterization of pomiferin triacetate as a novel mTOR and translation inhibitor.

Deregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-70kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (p70(S6K)) pathway is commonly observed in many tumors. This pathway controls proliferation, survival, and translation, and its overactivation is associated with poor prognosis for tumor-associated survival. Current efforts focus on the development of novel inhibitors of this pathway.

Inflammatory conditions induce IRES-dependent translation of cyp24a1.

Rapid alterations in protein expression are commonly regulated by adjusting translation. In addition to cap-dependent translation, which is e.g.

Blood pressure awareness in Austria: lessons from a 30 years horizon.

Background: Blood pressure (BP) awareness is a main focus of public health efforts. In Austria, an increase of knowledge and perception regarding hypertension was seen after a nationwide educational campaign in 1978, but subsequent surveys documented only short-term impact. We report results of the latest survey in 2009 in comparison to 1978 and 1998.

Effect of daily intake of yoghurt and bread enriched with biologically active substances on blood lipids and vitamin A in adolescents and young adults.

Objective: The aim was to investigate whether the daily intake of special nutrients, enriched with supplements from natural origins, has any effect on blood parameters.

Design And Subjects: In this double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, 80 healthy subjects (mean age 26.3 years) were statistically assigned to two groups.

Trends in mortality and mean age at death from lung cancer in Austria (1975-2007).

Objective: To investigate trends in mortality and mean age at death from lung cancer (MADLC) compared to mean age at death from all causes (MAD) over the period 1975 - 2007 in Austria. Results are assessed with respect to secular trends in smoking habits.

Methods: MAD and MADLC were computed by year and gender as the expected value of a fitted Weibull distribution.

Synthesis, characterization, in vitro antitumoral investigations and interaction with plasmid pBR322 DNA of R2eddp-platinum(IV) complexes (R = Et, n-Pr).

The studies on synthetic, spectroscopic and biological properties of platinum(IV) complexes, [PtCl(4)(R(2)eddp)] (R = Et, 1; n-Pr, 2), containing kappa(2)N,N' bidentate ligands, esters of ethylenediamine-N,N'-di-3-propionic acid (HOOCCH(2)CH(2)NHCH(2)CH(2)NHCH(2)CH(2)COOH, H(2)eddp), are reported. Complexes have been characterized by infrared, (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis and it was concluded that the coordination of the ligands occurs via nitrogen donor atoms of the ester ligands (R(2)eddp). Cytotoxicity studies were performed for ligand precursors and corresponding platinum(IV) complexes.

[Economic concepts for measuring the costs of illness of osteoporosis: an international comparison].

Worldwide osteoporosis is underestimated and despite availability of effective and cost effective treatments, these are often not implemented. Apart from a demographically driven increase in disease cases, failure to implement or tardy implementation of preventive measures as well as poor treatment compliance leads to a deterioration of the health economic outcomes. This in turn causes considerable costs to the health care system and to society, through ineffective intake of medication, diminished quality of life and inability to work as well as substantial costs of rehabilitation of patients.

[The influence of drug packaging on the drug-taking compliance of older patients living on their own].

The present study is concerned with compliance and the possible influence thereon of drug packaging. Since most medications are prescribed for older persons, our target group was that of the over 70-year-olds otherwise usually excluded from participating as probands in clinical trials. Our method chose a study design that includes both the experience of a selected group of experts as well as the results of a field study.

[Economic aspects of allergies: status and prospects for Austria].

According to epidemiological studies there has been an increase of allergic diseases and corresponding costs. Health economics analyses intend to offer decision guidance towards a more efficient and effective resource distribution, in the conflicting relationship of medicine and economics. In analogy with the "Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA)-study", one arrives at costs of Euro 227.

Subjective health and impaired quality of life due to allergies in a representative population survey.

Objectives: To examine the quality of life among patients with different allergic diseases and to assess the health perception of patients with allergies compared to patients without allergies.

Methods: The source of data was the Vienna Health and Social Survey, a representative cross-sectional survey, commissioned by the City of Vienna.

Results: 18.

Epidemiology of allergies in Austria. Results of the first Austrian allergy report.

The first Austrian Allergy Report is a compilation of all available epidemiological data relating to allergies in Austria. According to this report the cumulative prevalence of allergies in the Viennese population is 27.6% for men and 32.

Influenza vaccination in Austria, 1982-2003.

Since the past decade influenza vaccination is becoming an increasingly important aspect of public health programs. In the early 1990s independent investigators began to gather information on the comparative use of influenza vaccine in developed countries. The annual level of influenza vaccine distributed in each country was calculated as the number of doses distributed per 1000 total resident population.

"A heart for Vienna"--the prevention program for the big city. Blue-collar workers as a special target group.

Objectives: To create awareness of cardiovascular health status by screening for cardiovascular risk factors, and thereby motivate people to improve their life style habits. This was carried out in form of a project within the framework of the government prevention programme "A Heart for Vienna" focussing on urban blue-collar workers, a population at greatest risk for developing cardiovascular disease.

Results: The prevalence of hypertension, overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity and smoking were 29.