The superiorly based bilobed flap for nasal reconstruction.

Background: The laterally based bilobed flap is commonly used for the reconstruction of small- to medium-sized defects of the distal portion of the nose; However, when this flap is used to repair defects that are larger, more cephalic, or more lateral on the nose, there is a risk for lower nasal distortion. Reorienting the base superiorly preserves the advantages of the traditional design while minimizing this risk.

Objective: To demonstrate the design, execution, and efficacy of the superiorly based bilobed flap.

The histone deacetylase inhibitor, romidepsin, suppresses cellular immune functions of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients.

Romidepsin is the second histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) approved for the treatment of advanced stages of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Recent in vitro data suggest that HDACis suppress immune function although these findings have not been confirmed in patients. Thus, we serially examined the cellular immune function of eight CTCL patients undergoing treatment with three cycles of romidepsin.

Synergistic enhancement of cellular immune responses by the novel Toll receptor 7/8 agonist 3M-007 and interferon-γ: implications for therapy of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is responsive at all stages to immunotherapy. We determined whether a novel agonist for Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 (3M-007) combined with either interferon-γ (IFN-γ) or interleukin-15 (IL-15) would enhance patients' immune responses in vitro. Our data demonstrate that IFN-γ or IL-15 in combination with 007 significantly increases patients' natural killer (NK) cytolytic activity against CTCL tumor cell lines and synergistically induces dendritic cell cytokines, compared to 007 alone.

"Tonic" but not "Adie" pupils.

Tonic pupils react poorly to light but constrict during viewing of a near stimulus. Adie's name is typically used in association with tonic pupils, but a review of Adie's articles reveals that he described the syndrome of tonic pupils and absent reflexes and not the pupillary abnormality per se. Therefore, it would be more appropriate to refer to a tonic pupil as simply a "tonic pupil" and leave Adie's name for the syndrome.