Alpha-defensin as a diagnostic tool in revision total knee arthroplasties with unexpected positive intraoperative cultures and unexpected culture negative intraoperative cultures.

Purpose: Unexpected-positive-intraoperative-cultures (UPIC) are common in presumed aseptic revision-total-knee-arthroplasties (rTKA). However, the clinical significance is not entirely clear. In contrast, in some presumably septic rTKA, identification of an underlying pathogen was not possible, so-called unexpected-negative-intraoperative-cultures (UNIC).

It is not NOD2 - genetic and clinical risk factors for postoperative complications following ileocolic resection in Crohn's disease.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of the nucleotide oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) mutation status and other risk factors for the incidence of postoperative complications after ileocolic resection for Crohn's disease (CD).

Methods: Data of 138 patients consecutively undergoing ileocolic resection for CD at a tertiary academic referral center were retrospectively analyzed including single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data of the NOD2 gene. Uni- and multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with increased risk of severe postoperative complications.

The role of vagal innervation on the early development of postoperative ileus in mice.

Background: Postoperative ileus (POI) involves an intestinal inflammatory response that is modulated by afferent and efferent vagal activation. We aimed to identify the potential influence of the vagus nerve on POI by tracking central vagal activation and its role for peripheral inflammatory changes during the early hours after surgery.

Methods: C57BL6 mice were vagotomized (V) 3-4 days prior to experiments, while control animals received sham vagotomy (SV).

Time-Dependent Alterations of Gut Wall Integrity in Small Bowel Obstruction in Mice.

Background: Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is one of the most common disorders in surgical emergency departments. Without resolution of the obstructed bowel segments, patients may develop multiorgan failure. The aim of this study was to investigate whether morphological damage of the intestinal wall during SBO may lead to molecular translocation and how this may impair intestinal motility.

Dual-energy CT and ceramic or titanium prostheses material reduce CT artifacts and provide superior image quality of total knee arthroplasty.

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of different scan parameters for single-energy CT and dual-energy CT, as well as the impact of different material used in a TKA prosthesis on image quality and the extent of metal artifacts.

Methods: Eight pairs of TKA prostheses from different vendors were examined in a phantom set-up. Each pair consisted of a conventional CoCr prosthesis and the corresponding anti-allergic prosthesis (full titanium, ceramic, or ceramic-coated) from the same vendor.

Long-term Quality of Life of Patients With Permanent End Ileostomy: Results of a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: Patients with permanent end ileostomy are at high risk for detrimental stomal effects on their quality of life. However, little is known about the long-term quality of life of these patients.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess long-term quality of life in patients with permanent end ileostomy.

Intraoperative Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Using a Novel Alpha-Defensin Lateral Flow Assay.

Background: The present study investigates the novel Synovasure periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) lateral flow test device for detection of alpha-defensin and attempts to determine its diagnostic accuracy for the intraoperative diagnosis of PJI and compares it to frozen section.

Methods: Forty consecutive patients, who underwent revision surgery, between September 2014 and September 2015 were included. The patients underwent 29 revision total knee arthroplasties and 11 revision total hip arthroplasties.

Extrinsic intestinal denervation modulates tumor development in the small intestine of Apc(Min/+) mice.

Background: Innervation interacts with enteric immune responses. Chronic intestinal inflammation is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer. We aimed to study potential extrinsic neuronal modulation of intestinal tumor development in a mouse model.

Impact of perioperative allogeneic red blood cell transfusion on recurrence and overall survival after resection of colorectal liver metastases.

Background: Perioperative allogeneic red blood cell transfusion has been conclusively shown to be associated with adverse oncologic outcomes after resection of nonmetastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Objective: The aim of the study was to identify risk factors for a perioperative transfusion and to assess the effects of transfusion on survival after curative-intended resection of hepatic metastases in patients featuring stage IV colorectal cancer.

Design: This was an observational study with a retrospective analysis of a prospective data collection.

Quality of life after proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Purpose: While ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is performed in many patients with ulcerative colitis, conflicting data exist about its effects on quality of life. We aimed to determine quality of life and to identify risk factors for impaired quality of life in these patients.

Methods: Forty-eight of 82 patients (59%; median follow-up 57 months [range 21-93 months]) after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis were compared to 48 matched healthy controls.

The dual effect of cannabinoid receptor-1 deficiency on the murine postoperative ileus.

Introduction: Intestinal inflammatory responses play a critical role in the pathogenesis of postoperative ileus (POI). As cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1) is involved in inhibiting gastrointestinal (GI) motility and anti-inflammation, we aimed to explore its contribution to POI.

Methods: Experimental POI was induced in adult female CB1-deficient (CB1-/-) mice and wild-type littermates (C57BL/6N) by standardized small bowel manipulation.

Long-term quality of life and sexual and urinary function after abdominoperineal resection for distal rectal cancer.

Background: Permanent colostomy, pelvic dissection, and radiotherapy after abdominoperineal resection can put quality of life and sexual and urinary function at risk; however, there are limited data using validated instruments on patients undergoing abdominoperineal resection regarding these outcome measures.

Objective: We evaluated the quality of life and the sexual and urinary function of patients undergoing abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer and compared the outcomes of patients who received and did not receive pre- or postoperative pelvic radiotherapy.

Methods: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaires C30 and CR38, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire, American Urological Association Symptom Index, Brief Sexual Function Inventory for men, and sexual function module of the Cancer Rehabilitation Evaluation System for women were mailed to 219 patients who underwent abdominoperineal resection between 1994 and 2004.

Infliximab does not affect postoperative complication rates in Crohn's patients undergoing abdominal surgery.

Background: In patients with Crohn's disease (CD), the effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) antibody therapy on postoperative complications remains unclear. We aimed to determine the effects of infliximab on postoperative complication rates in patients undergoing abdominal surgery for CD.

Methods: Infliximab-treated CD patients undergoing abdominal surgery were identified in a prospective database.

Hydrogen sulfide modulates contractile function in rat jejunum.

Background: Effects of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), a third gasotransmitter of the gut, are not well understood. The aim of this study was to determine effects/mechanisms of H(2)S action on contractile function in rat jejunal muscle.

Methods: Transmural strips of longitudinal muscle were evaluated.

Vagal innervation and early postoperative ileus in mice.

Introduction: Postoperative ileus is characterized by infiltrates of leukocytes in the gut wall 24 h after surgery, which is subject to vagal modulation. We hypothesized that vagal modulation is irrelevant during earlier hours of postoperative ileus and aimed to determine whether afferent neuronal feedback to the central nervous system is altered by vagal innervation during this early period.

Methods: C57BL6 mice were laparotomized and received standardized small bowel manipulation to induce postoperative ileus.

Co-morbidity and postsurgical outcome in patients with perforated sigmoid diverticulitis.

Introduction: It was previously reported that in patients with acute perforated diverticulitis with Hinchey categories I to III sigmoidectomy with primary anastomosis (PA) is superior to Hartmann's procedure (HP) as later closure of colostomy involves substantial morbidity. We evaluated our experience with PA for patients with perforated diverticulitis over a 10-year period and aimed to investigate whether Hinchey category or co-morbidity are more relevant for postoperative outcome.

Methods: Records of all patients treated at our institution for sigmoid diverticulitis between 1996 and 2006 were retrieved from an in-hospital database (N = 787, median age 66 years, range 30 to 94, female:male ratio 1.

Role of the vagus nerve on the development of postoperative ileus.

Introduction: Postoperative ileus involves reflex inhibition of intestinal motility within hours after surgery and a subsequent intestinal inflammatory response that is characterized by efferent vagal modulation via acetylcholine receptors on intestinal macrophages. We aimed to characterize the role of vagal modulation of intestinal motility during the early hours after surgery.

Methods: C57BL6 mice underwent laparotomy and standardized small bowel manipulation to induce postoperative ileus.

Age-related changes in functional NANC innervation with VIP and substance P in the jejunum of Lewis rats.

Age-related changes in non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) neurotransmission might contribute to differences in gastrointestinal motility. Our aim was to determine age-related changes in functional innervation with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and substance P (Sub P) in rat jejunum. We hypothesized that maturation causes changes in neurotransmission with these two neuropeptides.

Expression and function of intestinal hexose transporters after small intestinal denervation.

Background: The role of neural regulation in expression and function of intestinal hexose transporters is unknown. The aim of this study is to determine the role of intestinal innervation in gene expression and function of the membrane hexose transporters, SGLT1, GLUT2, and GLUT5 in the enterocyte. We hypothesize that denervation of the small intestine decreases expression of hexose transporters, which leads to decreased glucose absorption.

Hexose transporter expression and function in mouse small intestine: role of diurnal rhythm.

Background: Expression and function of hexose transporters vary diurnally in rat small intestine; however, this subject remains unexplored in mice.

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the diurnal expression and function of hexose transporters SGLT1, GLUT2, and GLUT5 in mouse small bowel.

Methods: Twenty-four c57bl6 mice maintained in a 12-h light/dark room (6 AM: -6 PM: ) were sacrificed at 9 AM: , 3 PM: , 9 PM: , and 3 AM: (n = 6 each).

Differential sensitization of afferent neuronal pathways during postoperative ileus in the mouse jejunum.

Background: Postoperative ileus induces reflex inhibition of gastrointestinal motility and an intestinal inflammatory response. We aimed to determine whether afferent sensitivity is increased during postoperative ileus and whether alterations are cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-dependent.

Methods: C57BL/6 mice underwent laparotomy followed by standardized small bowel manipulation to induce ileus or sham treatment.

Long-term quality-of-life after open and laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy.

Purpose: Laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy (LSC) is frequently performed for sigmoid diseases with excellent prognosis. We aimed to determine the long-term quality-of-life after open sigmoid colectomy (OSC) compared with LSC.

Methods: Thirty-nine patients were investigated 40.

Coordinated, diurnal hexose transporter expression in rat small bowel: implications for small bowel resection.

Background: Hexose transporter mRNA and protein levels follow a diurnal rhythm in rat jejunum. Their coordinated expression and resultant function throughout the small bowel is not well understood. We hypothesized that hexose transporter levels and glucose absorption follow a coordinated, site-specific diurnal rhythm in rat duodenum and jejunum, but not in ileum.

Postoperative complications have little influence on long-term quality of life in Crohn's patients.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of postoperative complications on long-term quality of life in patients after abdominal operations for Crohn's disease.

Materials And Methods: From 1996 to 2002, 305 Crohn's patients underwent abdominal surgery, and 66 patients developed postoperative complications. Quality of life was studied using a standardized questionnaire and four quality of life instruments.