Does testing increase spontaneous mediation in learning semantically related paired associates?

Carpenter (2011) argued that the testing effect she observed for semantically related but associatively unrelated paired associates supports the mediator effectiveness hypothesis. This hypothesis asserts that after the cue-target pair is learned, relative to restudying mother-child, a review test in which is used to cue the recall of child leads to (a) greater activation of the mediator (), and (b) greater strengthening of the links in the cue-to-mediator () and mediator-to-target () associative chain. This chain is then spontaneously used for recalling child when mother is given as the cue in a final test.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm with leukemic presentation, lacking cutaneous involvement: Case series and literature review.

The diagnosis of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) can be challenging, owing to the absence of traditional lineage-specific markers, but is facilitated by CD4/CD56 co-expression and frequent skin involvement. Herein, we present our collective experiences with three BPDCN cases lacking cutaneous presentation and the inherent diagnostic pitfalls. Taken in context of similar historical cases, we suggest that BPDCN with "leukemic" presentation (L-BPDCN) otherwise presents no major distinguishing features and is at least as aggressive as its cutaneous-involved BPDCN counterpart.