Updated resources for exploring experimentally-determined PDB structures and Computed Structure Models at the RCSB Protein Data Bank.

The Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB, RCSB.org), the US Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB, wwPDB.org) data center for the global PDB archive, provides access to the PDB data via its RCSB.

Challenges in diagnosing bovine tuberculosis through surveillance and characterization of Mycobacterium species in slaughtered cattle in Kolkata.

Background: Tuberculosis in cattle is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) species. Apart from MTBC, different Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) species have also been isolated from cattle. The presence of NTM infection in bovines makes the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) a cumbersome task.

Optimizing Surgical Management of Acute Invasive Fungal Sinusitis.

Objective: Early surgical debridement is vital for favorable outcomes in acute invasive fungal sinusitis (AIFS). Our study aimed to propose guidelines with tailored, conservative surgical procedures based on areas of involvement and evaluate their usefulness in avoiding repeated debridement.

Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted on 150 AIFS patients operated on with the proposed surgical guidelines from May to June 2021 at a tertiary care hospital.

Rapid Detection of M. tuberculosis and Its Resistance to Rifampicin and Isoniazid with the mfloDx™ MDR-TB test.

Background: Rapid detection of tuberculosis (TB) and its resistance are essential for the prompt initiation of correct drug therapy and for stopping the spread of drug-resistant TB. There is an urgent need for increased use of rapid diagnostic tests to control the threat of increased TB and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB).

Methods: EMPE Diagnostics has developed a multiplex molecular diagnostic platform called mfloDx™ by combining nucleotide-specific padlock probe-dependent rolling circle amplification with sensitive lateral flow biosensors, providing visual signals, similar to a COVID-19 test.

Pott's puffy tumor: An unusual complication of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis.

Objective: To describe clinicoradiological features and surgical outcomes in a series of nine patients with rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) who presented with Pott's puffy tumor (ROCM-PPT).

Methods: The records of nine patients with ROCM-PPT seen between March 2020 and December 2021 were analysed. Clinical features, radiology, histopathology, operative findings, management and outcome were noted.

A Comparative Study of Acute Invasive Fungal Sinusitis During the First and Second Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

We aimed to compare the demography, clinical profile, histopathology, fungal culture, radiology, surgery performed, medical therapy and outcomes of patients with acute invasive fungal sinusitis seen during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic by retrospectively reviewing their case records. Of 238 patients, 43(18.1%) presented during the first wave and 195(81.

Challenging the gold standard: the limitations of molecular assays for detection of heteroresistance.

Objectives: Heteroresistant infections are defined as infections in which a mixture of drug-resistant and drug-susceptible populations are present. In (), heteroresistance poses a challenge in diagnosis and has been linked with poor treatment outcomes. We compared the analytical sensitivity of molecular methods, such as GeneXpert and whole genome sequencing (WGS) in detecting heteroresistance when compared with the 'gold standard' phenotypic assay: the agar proportion method (APM).

Composite environmental indices-a case of rickety rankings.

Composite indices have been widely used to rank the environmental performance of nations. Such environmental indices can be useful in communicating complex information as a single value and have the potential to generate political and media awareness of environmental issues. However, poorly constructed, or poorly communicated indices, can hinder efforts to identify environmental failings, and there are considerable differences in rank among existing environmental indices.

World scientists' warning: The behavioural crisis driving ecological overshoot.

Previously, anthropogenic ecological overshoot has been identified as a fundamental cause of the myriad symptoms we see around the globe today from biodiversity loss and ocean acidification to the disturbing rise in novel entities and climate change. In the present paper, we have examined this more deeply, and explore the behavioural drivers of overshoot, providing evidence that overshoot is itself a symptom of a deeper, more subversive modern crisis of human behaviour. We work to name and frame this crisis as 'the Human Behavioural Crisis' and propose the crisis be recognised globally as a critical intervention point for tackling ecological overshoot.

Effectiveness of Adjunctive High-Dose Infliximab Therapy to Improve Disability-Free Survival Among Patients With Severe Central Nervous System Tuberculosis: A Matched Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Few treatment options exist for patients with severe central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis (TB) worsening due to inflammatory lesions, despite optimal antitubercular therapy (ATT) and steroids. Data regarding the efficacy and safety of infliximab in these patients are sparse.

Methods: We performed a matched retrospective cohort study based on Medical Research Council (MRC) grading system and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores comparing 2 groups of adults with CNS TB.

Short intravenous amphotericin B followed by oral posaconazole using a simple, stratified treatment approach for diabetes or COVID-19-associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: a prospective cohort study.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of short-course intravenous amphotericin B followed by sustained release posaconazole tablets for diabetes or COVID-19-associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis.

Methods: This prospective, pragmatic study included adults with diabetes or COVID-19-associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis. Patients received short (7-14 days) or long (15-28 days) intravenous antifungal therapy (short intravenous antifungal treatment [SHIFT] or long intravenous antifungal treatment [LIFT], respectively) depending on the presence or absence of brain involvement.

Clinical features of human tuberculosis due to in Southern India.

is a member of the complex (MTBC) and causes tuberculosis in a variety of animals, including humans in South Asia. Here, we describe the clinical features associated with 8 human cases of whole genome sequence (WGS) confirmed from a tertiary care hospital in South India during 2018-2019. The patient ages ranged from 9 to 51 years, with 5 females and 3 males included.

Leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H rs17525495) gene polymorphisms and paradoxical reactions in extrapulmonary tuberculosis.

Paradoxical reactions (PRs) are poorly studied complex immunological phenomena, among patients with tuberculosis (TB). When PRs involves critical structures like the central nervous system (CNS), immunomodulatory therapy is often required. Predictors for PRs in TB to pre-empt appropriate treatment strategies in high-risk groups are lacking.

Pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus: Clinical profile and outcomes.

Background: India is endemic for Tuberculosis (TB), contributing to the world's highest number of active cases. Diabetes (DM), with its increasing burden in India, could contribute to adverse outcomes among patients with TB.

Methods: Consecutive patients with sputum smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis were included in the study.

Clinical, Microbiological Profile and Treatment Outcomes of Infants with BCG Adenitis: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) adenitis is an uncommon complication following BCG vaccination. In rare cases, infants can develop other complications. Controversy exists regarding the diagnosis and management of these cases.

Pulmonary nocardiosis: Risk factors and species distribution from a high burden centre.

Nocardiosis is a clinical and diagnostic challenge. This was a retrospective study carried out on cases of pulmonary nocardiosis presenting over 15 years. Clinical data was retrieved using the electronic patient records.

Cryptic aspergillosis: a rare entity and a diagnostic challenge.

Introduction: Cryptic aspergillosis, caused by cryptic species of , is increasingly reported in humans and causes significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals. The main aim of this study was to describe the occurrence of this entity at a large tertiary care centre and analyse the challenges in identifying them in a routine diagnostic laboratory.

Methods: This was a retrospective case review of all patients diagnosed with cryptic species from April 2019 to February 2020.