Monovalent SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Does not Boost Omicron-Specific Immune Response in Diabetic and Control Pediatric Patients.

While the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has been well described in adults, pediatric populations have been less studied. In particular, children with type 1 diabetes are generally at elevated risk for more severe disease after infections, but are understudied in terms of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses. We investigated the immunogenicity of COVID-19 mRNA vaccinations in 35 children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 23 controls and found that these children develop levels of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers and spike protein-specific T cells comparable to nondiabetic children.

The Evolution of Insulin Administration in Type 1 Diabetes.

Insulin has been utilized in the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D) for 100 years. While there is still no cure for T1D, insulin administration has undergone a remarkable evolution which has contributed to improvements in quality of life and life expectancy in individuals with T1D. The advent of faster-acting and longer-acting insulins allowed for the implementation of insulin regimens more closely resembling normal insulin physiology.

Hypoglycemia secondary to insulinoma masking the onset of type 1 diabetes in an adolescent.

Type 1 diabetes and insulinoma can co-occur in pediatric patients and may present with episodes of hypo- and hyperglycemia, significant glycemic variability, and weight gain. Surgical resection leads to development of fulminant diabetes.

Longitudinal assessment of hippocampus structure in children with type 1 diabetes.

The extant literature finds that children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) experience mild cognitive alterations compared to healthy age-matched controls. The neural basis of these cognitive differences is unclear but may relate in part to the effects of dysglycemia on the developing brain. We investigated longitudinal changes in hippocampus volume in young children with early-onset T1D.

Variations in Brain Volume and Growth in Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes.

Early-onset type 1 diabetes may affect the developing brain during a critical window of rapid brain maturation. Structural MRI was performed on 141 children with diabetes (4-10 years of age at study entry) and 69 age-matched control subjects at two time points spaced 18 months apart. For the children with diabetes, the mean (±SD) HbA1c level was 7.

Cross-Validation of Single-Stage Treadmill Tests for Predicting Aerobic Fitness in Adolescents with Type I Diabetes.

Purpose: Determining fitness is important when assessing adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Submaximal tests estimate fitness, but none have been validated in this population. This study cross-validates the Ebbeling and Nemeth equations to predict fitness (VO2max (ml/kg/min)) in adolescents with T1DM.

Effects of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity on overnight and next-day hypoglycemia in active adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: Physical activity (PA) provides many benefits to adolescents with type 1 diabetes; however, these individuals tend to have lower fitness and PA levels than their disease-free counterparts. The purpose of this study was to examine the acute temporal associations between moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) and hypoglycemia (continuous glucose monitor [CGM] reading ≤70 mg/dL).

Research Design And Methods: Nineteen participants (53% females) 14-20 years old with type 1 diabetes were recruited.

Aerobic fitness and glycemic variability in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: This study examines the association of fitness on glycemic variability (GV) in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). GV has been associated with high frequency of hyper- and hypoglycemia.

Methods: Nineteen adolescents with T1DM, ages 14 to 19 years, underwent aerobic fitness testing to determine their maximal aerobic capacity (VO2 max).

Factors associated with microalbuminuria in 7,549 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in the T1D Exchange clinic registry.

Objective: To examine factors associated with clinical microalbuminuria (MA) diagnosis in children and adolescents in the T1D Exchange clinic registry.

Research Design And Methods: T1D Exchange participants <20 years of age with type 1 diabetes ≥ 1 year and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) measured within the prior 2 years were included in the analysis. MA diagnosis required all of the following: 1) a clinical diagnosis of sustained MA or macroalbuminuria, 2) confirmation of MA diagnosis by either the most recent ACR being ≥ 30 mg/g or current treatment with an ACE inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), and 3) no known cause for nephropathy other than diabetes.

Variants of the dopamine D2 receptor gene and risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia in children and adolescents.

Objective: To investigate the association between hyperprolactinemia and variants of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene in children and adolescents in long-term treatment with risperidone.

Methods: Medically healthy 7 to 17-year-old patients chronically treated with risperidone but receiving no other antipsychotics were recruited in a cross-sectional study. Four DRD2 variants were genotyped and prolactin concentration was measured.

Evaluation of factors affecting CGMS calibration.

Background: The optimal number/timing of calibrations entered into the CGMS (Medtronic MiniMed, Northridge, CA) continuous glucose monitoring system have not been previously described.

Methods: Fifty subjects with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (10-18 years old) were hospitalized in a clinical research center for approximately 24 h on two separate days. CGMS and OneTouch Ultra meter (LifeScan, Milpitas, CA) data were obtained.

The effects of aerobic exercise on glucose and counterregulatory hormone concentrations in children with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: To examine the acute glucose-lowering effects of aerobic exercise in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Fifty children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (ages 10 to <18 years) were studied during exercise. The 75-min exercise session consisted of four 15-min periods of walking on a treadmill to a target heart rate of 140 bpm and three 5-min rest periods.

Accuracy of the modified Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS) sensor in an outpatient setting: results from a diabetes research in children network (DirecNet) study.

Objective: We previously reported the results of an inpatient accuracy study in children with type 1 diabetes using the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS, Medtronic MiniMed, Northridge, CA). During the course of that study, a new process was implemented for manufacturing the CGMS sensor. Accuracy from the resulting modified sensor used by only 14 children was significantly better than the original version [median relative absolute difference (RAD), 11% vs.

A 36-year retrospective analysis of the efficacy and safety of radioactive iodine in treating young Graves' patients.

This report details the 26- and 36-yr outcomes of 116 patients under the age of 20 yr with Graves' disease who were treated with radioiodine between 1953 and 1973. Contacted by telephone and mail in 1991-1992, 107 of them supplied personal historical data, and their physicians furnished interval histories, physical examinations, and laboratory data. This was repeated in 2001-2002, with 98 of them being contacted.