Acute Effect of Popular High-Intensity Functional Training Exercise on Physiologic Markers of Growth.

Kliszczewicz, B, Markert, CD, Bechke, E, Williamson, C, Clemons, KN, Snarr, RL, and McKenzie, MJ. Acute effect of popular high-intensity functional training exercise on physiologic markers of growth. J Strength Cond Res 35(6): 1677-1684, 2021-Constantly evolving, high-intensity functional training (HIFT) exercise consists of various modalities, orders, weights, and repetition schemes.

Synthesis and Activity of a Novel Autotaxin Inhibitor-Icodextrin Conjugate.

Autotaxin is an extracellular phospholipase D that catalyzes the hydrolysis of lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC) to generate the bioactive lipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Autotaxin has been implicated in many pathological processes relevant to cancer. Intraperitoneal administration of an autotaxin inhibitor may benefit patients with ovarian cancer; however, low molecular mass compounds are known to be rapidly cleared from the peritoneal cavity.

Toward β-Secretase-1 Inhibitors with Improved Isoform Selectivity.

BACE1 is responsible for the first step in APP proteolysis, leading to toxic Aβ production, and has been indicated to play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The related isoform BACE2 is thought to be involved in processing of the pigment cell-specific melanocyte protein. To avoid potential effects on pigmentation, we investigated the feasibility for developing isoform-selective BACE1 inhibitors.

Effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic risk in overweight and obese African-American women: a pilot study.

Objective: Little is known about high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in African-American (AA) women. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of HIIT and steady-state (SS) exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors in young AA women.

Design: A 16-week exercise intervention was conducted 3x/week.

Body Composition, Fitness Status, and Health Behaviors Upon Entering College: An Examination of Female College Students From Diverse Populations.

Although poor health-related behaviors that impact development of chronic diseases begin much earlier than when actual disease is evident, few studies have examined health behaviors in college students, who may be at an important transitional period where early intervention could prevent development of chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine health-related factors in female college students (N = 61) by race/ethnicity and weight status. We found significant differences in health profiles between non-Hispanic White (White) and African American students, including greater physical fitness and healthier diets among White students.

New biphenyl iminium salt catalysts for highly enantioselective asymmetric epoxidation: role of additional substitution and dihedral angle.

New biaryl iminium salt catalysts for enantioselective alkene epoxidation containing additional substitution in the heterocyclic ring are reported. The effects upon conformation and enantioselectivity of this additional substitution, and the influence of dihedral angle in these systems, has been investigated using a synthetic approach supported by density functional theory. Enantioselectivities of up to 97% ee were observed.

Kinetic resolution in asymmetric epoxidation using iminium salt catalysis.

The first reported examples of kinetic resolution in epoxidation reactions using iminium salt catalysis are described, providing up to 99% ee in the epoxidation of racemic cis-chromenes.

Enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-scuteflorin A using organocatalytic asymmetric epoxidation.

We report the first enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-scuteflorin A in 14% overall yield, employing a chiral iminium salt to effect an organocatalytic asymmetric epoxidation of xanthyletin in >99% ee as the key step.

Gene response of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles to an acute aerobic run in rats.

Genes can be activated or inhibited by signals within the tissues in response to an acute bout of exercise. It is unclear how a particular aerobic exercise bout may influence two muscles with similar actions to the activity. Therefore, the purposes of this investigation was to determine the gene response of selected genes involved in the "stress" response of the gastrocnemius (fast-twitch) and soleus (slow-twitch) muscles to a single two hour aerobic exercise bout in female Sprague-Dawley Rats at the 1 hour time point after the exercise.

Highly enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-(3'S)-Lomatin and (+)-(3'S,4'R)-trans-khellactone.

Concise highly enantioselective three-step syntheses are described for (-)-(3'S)-lomatin and (+)-(3'S,4'R)-trans-khellactone from 7-hydroxycoumarin in 97% ee and in 57% and 58% overall yields, respectively, using nonaqueous enantioselective epoxidation by an iminium salt as the key step.

Hemiparetic stroke alters vastus lateralis myosin heavy chain profiles between the paretic and nonparetic muscles.

Skeletal muscle phenotype alterations following hemiparetic stroke contribute to disabilities associated with stroke. The phenotypic response following stroke is undefined. This investigation examined the myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition of the vastus lateralis (VL) of stroke survivors in paretic (P) and nonparetic (NP) muscle.

Reduced skeletal muscle capillarization and glucose intolerance.

Objective: Reduced capillarization in hemiparetic skeletal muscle of chronic stroke patients can limit insulin, glucose, and oxygen supply to muscle, thereby contributing to impaired glucose metabolism and cardiovascular deconditioning. We hypothesized that compared to sedentary controls, stroke subjects have reduced skeletal muscle capillarization that is associated with glucose intolerance and reduced peak oxygen consumption (Vo(2peak)).

Methods: Twelve chronic stroke subjects (ages, 62.

Human genome comparison of paretic and nonparetic vastus lateralis muscle in patients with hemiparetic stroke.

Hemiparetic stroke leads to major skeletal muscle abnormalities, as illustrated by paretic leg atrophy, weakness, and spasticity. Furthermore, the hemiparetic limb muscle shifts to a fast-twitch muscle fiber phenotype with anaerobic metabolism. This study investigated whether skeletal muscle genes were altered in chronic hemiparetic stroke.

Gender comparisons of exercise-induced oxidative stress: influence of antioxidant supplementation.

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of gender and antioxidant supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress. Twenty-five men and 23 women ran for 30 min at 80% VO2 max, once before and once after 2 weeks of supplementation, and again after a 1-week wash-out period. Subjects were randomly assigned to either placebo (P), antioxidant (A: 400 IU vitamin E+1 g vitamin C), or a fruit and vegetable powder (FV) treatment.

A new asymmetric synthesis of the anti-tumor alkaloid (R)-(+)-crispine A.

We report a novel, facile, and asymmetric approach for the synthesis of the anti-tumor alkaloid (+)-crispine A via a highly diastereoselective N-acyliminium cyclization reaction as a key synthetic step.

Aerobic exercise bout effects on gene transcription in the rat soleus.

Purpose: This study was designed to identify changes in gene transcription that occur in the soleus muscle of untrained, 10-wk-old rats after a single aerobic exercise bout, and to identify which families of genes are most likely affected.

Methods: Rats were either run for 2 h and killed 1 h after exercise, or they remained sedentary and were killed at a matched time. Soleus muscles from each animal were examined using DNA microarrays, four genes related to RONS were analyzed by PCR, and two proteins were checked by Western blot analysis.

Oxidative stress response to aerobic exercise: comparison of antioxidant supplements.

Purpose: To compare the effects of two antioxidant formulas on biomarkers of oxidative stress before and after aerobic exercise.

Methods: Aerobically trained men (N=25) and women (N=23) were assigned to one of three treatments: 400 IU of vitamin E+1 g of vitamin C (V; N=15), a fruit and vegetable juice powder concentrate (FV; N=16), or a placebo (P; N=17). Subjects ran for 30 min at 80% VO(2 max) before, after 2 wk of supplementation, and after a 1-wk washout period.

Oxidative stress response in normal and antioxidant supplemented rats to a downhill run: changes in blood and skeletal muscles.

The purpose of this study was to determine if changes in oxidative stress biomarkers in blood and skeletal muscles are similar in normal and antioxidant supplemented rats after a downhill run. Sixty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with a normal rat diet or diet + antioxidants (2,000 mg vitamin C + 1,000 IU vitamin E/kg diet) for 2 weeks. Exercised rats ran 90 min on a rodent treadmill at a speed of 16 m/min at -16 degrees grade.

Effects of acute aerobic and anaerobic exercise on blood markers of oxidative stress.

The purpose of this study was to compare oxidative modification of blood proteins, lipids, DNA, and glutathione in the 24 hours following aerobic and anaerobic exercise using similar muscle groups. Ten cross-trained men (24.3 +/- 3.

Combined antioxidant treatment effects on blood oxidative stress after eccentric exercise.

Purpose: This study was designed to ascertain the effects of a combination antioxidant therapy on plasma protein carbonyls (PC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and whole blood total (TGSH), oxidized (GSSG), and reduced (GSH) glutathione in non-resistance trained females after eccentric resistance exercise.

Methods: Eighteen women (aged 19-31 yr) were randomized in a double-blind manner to either an antioxidant supplement (N = 9; 400 IU vitamin E, 1 g vitamin C, and 90 mug selenium per day) or a lactose placebo (N = 9) for 14 d before and for 2 d after eccentric elbow flexor exercise. Blood samples taken before and immediately, 2, 6, 24, and 48 h postexercise were analyzed for PC, MDA, TGSH, and GSSG.

Effect of microhydrin on blood lactate, protein carbonyls, and glutathione status in rats before and after aerobic exercise.

To examine the effects of an antioxidant treatment on blood lactate, protein carbonyls (PC), and glutathione status, 42 male rats were assigned to either a control treatment (water, C) or one of two Microhydrin treatments (added to water, MH I or MH II). Rats from each treatment were assigned to either exercise (60 min of running) or rest. A treatment-by-time interaction was noted for blood lactate, with elevations only in the C and MH I treatments post-exercise (approximately 2.

Effects of antioxidant therapy in women exposed to eccentric exercise.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of antioxidant therapy on indirect markers of muscle damage following eccentric exercise (EE). Eighteen women were randomized to an antioxidant supplement or a placebo before a bout of EE. Plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, muscle soreness (MS), maximal isometric force (MIF), and range of motion (ROM) were assessed before and through 14 d postexercise.

Mechanical ventilation depresses protein synthesis in the rat diaphragm.

Prolonged mechanical ventilation results in diaphragmatic atrophy and contractile dysfunction in animals. We hypothesized that mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragmatic atrophy is associated with decreased synthesis of both mixed muscle protein and myosin heavy chain protein in the diaphragm. To test this postulate, adult rats were mechanically ventilated for 6, 12, or 18 hours and diaphragmatic protein synthesis was measured in vivo.

Cumulative effects of aging and mechanical ventilation on in vitro diaphragm function.

Study Objective: Unloading the diaphragm, via mechanical ventilation (MV), results in significant diaphragmatic atrophy, contractile dysfunction, and oxidative stress in young adult animals. Since aging increases skeletal muscle susceptibility to atrophy and injury, we tested the hypothesis that MV-induced diaphragmatic contractile dysfunction would be exacerbated in aging rats.

Methods: Fisher 344/Brown Norway hybrid rats (4 months old [young] and 30 months old [old]) were assigned to either control or MV groups.

Mechanical ventilation-induced oxidative stress in the diaphragm.

Prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV) results in oxidative damage in the diaphragm; however, it is unclear whether this MV-induced oxidative injury occurs rapidly or develops slowly over time. Furthermore, it is unknown whether both soluble (cytosolic) and insoluble (myofibrillar) proteins are equally susceptible to oxidation during MV. These experiments tested two hypotheses: 1).