Applying Machine Learning for Enhanced MicroRNA Analysis: A Companion Risk Tool for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Standard Care Incisional Biopsy.

Machine learning analyses within the realm of oral cancer outcomes are relatively underexplored compared to other cancer types. This study aimed to assess the performance of machine learning algorithms in identifying oral cancer patients, utilizing microRNA expression data. In this study, we implemented this approach using a panel of oral cancer-associated microRNAs sourced from standard incisional biopsy specimens to identify cases of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC).

Prevalence and risk factors of oral potentially malignant disorders in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study undertaken in 5 provinces.

Detection of subjects with oral potentially malignant disorders in a population is key to early detection of oral cancer (OC) with consequent reduction of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors for OPMD in representative provinces of Indonesia. This cross-sectional study was undertaken in five Indonesian provinces: West Java (WJ), Jakarta (JKT), West Papua (WP), West Kalimantan (WK) and Banda Aceh (BA).

General dentists' knowledge, perceptions, and practices regarding oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer in Indonesia.

Introduction: The most effective means for reducing oral cancer (OC) mortality is by preventing late-stage disease. Early diagnosis can be improved by increasing awareness among healthcare providers, specifically general dental practitioners (GDP). Therefore, our study aimed to assess GDPs' knowledge of OC risk factors and perceived competence in performing conventional oral examination (COE) in routine dental practice.

Assessment of Oxidative Stress-Induced Oral Epithelial Toxicity.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules generated in living organisms and an excessive production of ROS culminates in oxidative stress and cellular damage. Notably, oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of a number of oral mucosal diseases, including oral mucositis, which remains one of cancer treatments' most common side effects. We have shown previously that oral keratinocytes are remarkably sensitive to oxidative stress, and this may hinder the development and reproducibility of epithelial cell-based models of oral disease.

Acquisition and annotation in high resolution digital biopsy by confocal microscopy for diagnosis in oral precancer and cancer.

Introduction: Scanned fibre endomicroscopes are full point-scanning confocal microscopes with submicron lateral resolution with an optical slice thickness thin enough to isolate individual cell layers, allow active positioning of the optical slice in the z-axis and collection of megapixel images. Here we present descriptive findings and a brief atlas of an acquisition and annotation protocol high resolution capture of oral mucosal pathology including oral squamous cell carcinoma and dysplasia using a fluorescence scanned fibre endomicroscope with 3 topical fluorescent imaging agents: fluorescein, acriflavine and PARPi-FL.

Methods: Digital biopsy was successfully performed an acquisition protocol in seventy-one patients presenting for investigation of oral mucosal abnormalities using a miniaturized, handheld scanned fibre endoscope.

Characterization of a novel dual murine model of chemotherapy-induced oral and intestinal mucositis.

Oral and intestinal mucositis are debilitating inflammatory diseases observed in cancer patients undergoing chemo-radiotherapy. These are devastating clinical conditions which often lead to treatment disruption affecting underlying malignancy management. Although alimentary tract mucositis involves the entire gastrointestinal tract, oral and intestinal mucositis are often studied independently utilizing distinct organ-specific pre-clinical models.

Metabolomic Profile of Indonesian Betel Quids.

Consumption of areca nut alone, or in the form of betel quid (BQ), has negative health effects and is carcinogenic to humans. Indonesia is one of the largest producers of areca nuts worldwide, yet little is known about the biomolecular composition of Indonesian areca nuts and BQs. We have recently shown that phenolic and alkaloid content of Indonesian BQs exhibits distinct geographical differences.

Are There Betel Quid Mixtures Less Harmful than Others? A Scoping Review of the Association between Different Betel Quid Ingredients and the Risk of Oral Submucous Fibrosis.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a potentially malignant condition of the oral cavity characterized by progressive fibrosis of the submucosal tissues. OSF is typically associated with the use of betel quid (BQ), a chewing package made of natural products (e.g.

Risk Factors Associated With Poor Outcomes Following Temporomandibular Joint Discectomy and Fat Graft.

Purpose: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) discectomy is performed for patients with degenerative joint disease with an unsalvageable disc, but with a salvageable condylar head and glenoid fossa. The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence and risk factors associated with poor postoperative outcomes following TMJ discectomy and abdominal fat grafting.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients who underwent TMJ discectomy.

Genomic Signature of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas from Non-Smoking Non-Drinking Patients.

Molecular alterations in 176 patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) were evaluated to delineate differences in non-smoking non-drinking (NSND) patients. Somatic mutations and DNA copy number variations (CNVs) in a 68-gene panel and human papilloma virus (HPV) status were interrogated using targeted next-generation sequencing. In the entire cohort, (60%) and (24%) were most frequently mutated, and the most common CNVs were amplifications (9%) and deletions of (5%) and (4%).

Oral Antibiotic for Empirical Management of Acute Dentoalveolar Infections-A Systematic Review.

Concerns regarding increasing antibiotic resistance raise the question of the most appropriate oral antibiotic for empirical therapy in dentistry. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the antibiotic choices and regimens used to manage acute dentoalveolar infections and their clinical outcomes. A systematic review was undertaken across three databases.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: Analysing the range of implicated drugs from the Australian database of adverse event notifications.

Aims: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is an uncommon but potentially debilitating condition, characterised by nonhealing jawbone, with or without mucosal exposure, in the presence of certain drugs. Those already strongly associated with MRONJ include antiresorptives denosumab and bisphosphonates; however, a growing range of other non-antiresorptive drugs is implicated. The aim of this study was to analyse all case reports of MRONJ submitted to the publicly available Database of Adverse Event Notification from the Therapeutic Goods Administration in Australia.

Odontoblast markers and dentine reactions in carious primary molars with and without hypomineralised enamel defects.

Background: Wnt/β-Catenin signalling and DMP1 have key roles in tertiary dentinogenesis.

Aim: To compare the relationship between remaining dentine thickness (RDT), tertiary dentine thickness (TDT), β-catenin and dentine matrix protein 1 (DMP1) in carious second primary molar teeth with normal (SPM) and hypomineralised enamel (HSPM).

Design: Extracted carious SPM and HSPM were fixed, sectioned (5 μm) and stained with haematoxylin and eosin or with indirect immunofluorescence for β-catenin and DMP1.

Distinct phenolic, alkaloid and antioxidant profile in betel quids from four regions of Indonesia.

Betel quid (BQ) is a chewing mixed package that mainly contains areca nut (AN), betel leaf (Leaf) or betel stem inflorescence (SI), and slaked lime, and is consumed with or without tobacco BQ chewing is common in South East Asia and has been strongly associated with malignant and potentially malignant diseases of the oral cavity. Alkaloids such as arecoline are often accounted for the carcinogenic potential of BQ, however the chemical composition of BQ has not been studied in detail. In the current study, we investigated the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (by mean of ferric reducing antioxidant power, FRAP), radical scavenging activity (DPPH test), polyphenolic profile and arecoline content in different components of BQ, namely AN, Leaf or SI, Husk, and blended BQ (BQ mix, containing AN, Leaf or SI and slaked lime).

Measuring Antibiotic Stewardship Programmes and Initiatives: An Umbrella Review in Primary Care Medicine and a Systematic Review of Dentistry.

Antibiotic stewardship aims to tackle the global problem of drug-resistant infections by promoting the responsible use of antibiotics. Most antibiotics are prescribed in primary care and widespread overprescribing has been reported, including 80% in dentistry. This review aimed to identify outcomes measured in studies evaluating antibiotic stewardship across primary healthcare.

Intraoral human herpes viruses detectable by PCR in majority of patients.

Objectives: To identify factors which influence the intraoral prevalence of human herpes viruses (HHVs) using mucosal swabs, saliva samples and qPCR analysis.

Methodology: In this cross-sectional observational study, matched saliva and oral swabs were collected from a total of 115 subjects: 70 immunocompetent subjects with no mucosal abnormalities, 22 with mucosal abnormalities and 23 therapeutically immunocompromised individuals. Extracted DNA was analysed by multiplex qPCR for detection and quantification of HHVs 1-6.

Group pain education is as effective as individual education in patients with chronic temporomandibular disorders.

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are recognised as the most common chronic orofacial pain condition, with prevalence figures ranging from 3% to 12%. Patients referred to tertiary orofacial pain clinics for the management of TMD often experience delays in receiving treatment. The objective of the present study was to assess a group treatment programme to deliver effective earlier intervention for patients with chronic TMD.

Improvement of dental prescribing practices using education and a prescribing tool: A pilot intervention study.

Aims: Antibiotic resistance is a global public health problem. Around 55% of dental antibiotic prescribing is deemed inappropriate. The aim of this multimodal interventional pilot study was to assess the effect on prescribing of education and a dentally designed prescribing website.

The MarrowMiner: A Novel Minimally Invasive and Effective Device for the Harvest of Bone Marrow.

Bone marrow (BM) is a rich source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and other important stem/progenitor cells. It is the traditional source of cells used in hematopoietic cell transplantation, which is a proven curative treatment for many blood and immune diseases. BM-derived cells have also been shown to have other diverse clinical uses and are increasingly being used in orthopedic medicine, regenerative medicine, and gene therapy applications.

Molecular diagnostics in oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders-A clinician's guide.

Current risk stratification of individuals for the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), including those with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), remains based on clinical detection of visibly abnormal mucosa and tissue biopsy with histological assessment for the presence of OSCC or oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). In OPMD, the presence of OED remains the only prognostic tool used in standard care for the development of future OSCC, despite its ample limitations. There is assured potential that the analysis of the genome, transcripts and proteome can provide insight into what is occurring at a cellular level preceding the appearance of clinically observable change.

Perceptions, attitudes and factors that influence prescribing by general dentists in Australia: A qualitative study.

Background: Longitudinal studies of dental prescribing in Australia show that dentists make some inappropriate prescribing choices; literature has shown that dentists tend to overprescribe antibiotics and prescribe for incorrect indications. The unnecessary use of antibiotics is a contributing factor towards the development of antibiotic resistance. The aims of the study were to obtain a greater understanding of the perceptions, attitudes and factors that influence dental prescribing for all major relevant drug classes.

A review and guide to drug-associated oral adverse effects-Oral mucosal and lichenoid reactions. Part 2.

Dental practitioners and other health professionals commonly encounter and manage adverse medicine effects that manifest in the orofacial region. Numerous medicines are associated with a variety of oral adverse effects. However, due to lack of awareness and training, these side effects are not always associated with medicine use and are underreported to pharmacovigilance agencies by dentists and other health professionals.

A review and guide to drug-associated oral adverse effects-Dental, salivary and neurosensory reactions. Part 1.

Numerous adverse drug reactions (ADR) manifest in the oral cavity and orofacial region. Dentists and other health professionals commonly encounter and manage these adverse effects however, due to lack of awareness and training, they are not always recognised as being drug-induced nor reported to pharmacovigilance agencies. The broad diversity and increasing number of medications for which dental pharmacovigilance is needed can be overwhelming for all health professionals.