Economic Outcomes of Hexaminolevulinate Blue-Light Cystoscopy in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A 5-Year, Medicare-Based Model.

Background: Bladder cancer is the most expensive cancer to treat on a per-patient basis. Blue light cystoscopy with hexaminolevulinate (BLC) has demonstrated improved diagnostic accuracy compared with white light cystoscopy (WLC) in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). With higher upfront costs, questions remain about long-term BLC cost outcomes.