Publications by authors named "Michael J Mann"

Article Synopsis
  • - The study evaluated the experiences of stakeholders involved in the Integrated Community Engagement (ICE) Collaborative, which focuses on preventing adolescent substance use in rural West Virginia, after three years of implementation.
  • - Guided by the Icelandic Prevention Model (IPM), ICE aims to foster collaboration between various community members and shift from short-term funding for programs to a sustainable, long-term approach led by local practitioners.
  • - Qualitative interviews with 33 stakeholders revealed six key themes, highlighting the importance of community involvement, outreach, program accessibility, addressing funding issues, considering family contexts, and promoting constructive conversations about strategies for prevention.
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Background: Bedside procedures represent a substantial proportion of the neurosurgical resident's responsibilities. Although music interventions in healthcare have classically been employed for the benefit of the patient, there is evidence in support of its positive effects on healthcare workers as well.

Objectives: We aimed to create a novel framework-the shared music experience (SME)-which allows for patient and provider to discuss and mutually select a musical playlist during bedside procedural interventions.

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Introduction: Caffeine is a psychostimulant possessing arousal, motor activation, and reinforcing properties, which is consumed daily by most adolescents aged 12-19 years. Although current understanding of the implications of adolescent caffeine consumption for school behaviors remains incomplete, studies have shown that in addition to acute effects of the drug, in common with other habit-forming psychoactive substances, regular use leads to physical dependence, evidenced by recurring negative withdrawal symptoms.

Methods: Employing two waves of longitudinal data, we tested the prospective association between daily caffeine use and homeroom teacher-observed self-control and problem behavior in a sample of middle-school students in 20 schools in West Virginia in the United States.

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Background: The school climate concept has been promising, but has long-standing critiques that have not been adequately addressed to date. The School as a Protective Factor approach represents one attempt to offer a new approach that builds on and extends beyond the concept of school climate while addressing previously identified limitations.

Contributions To Theory: The School as a Protective Factor approach offers a new framework for conceptualizing, measuring, and establishing protective school social and learning environments that co-promote academic achievement and student health in schools, especially student mental health and substance use/abuse prevention.

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Background: The conceptual framework for School as a Protective Factor approach was presented in a companion article in this issue of the journal. The current article describes the validation of the School as a Protective Factor-Brief (SPF-Brief), a 13-item survey measuring the 3 core constructs and 13 defining characteristics of this framework.

Methods: The SPF-Brief was validated through 2 studies.

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The Icelandic Prevention Model (IPM) follows a systematic but flexible process of community capacity building, data collection, analysis, dissemination, and community-engaged decision-making to guide the data-informed selection, prioritization, and implementation of intervention strategies in preventing adolescent substance use. This paper describes two new evaluation tools intended to assess the: 1) integrity of IPM implementation, and 2) unique aspects of IPM implementation in different community contexts. These evaluation tools include a: 1) five-phase IPM Evaluation Framework for Assessing Value Across Communities, Cultures, and Outcomes (IPM-EF); and 2) 10-Step IPM Implementation Integrity and Consistency Assessment (IPM-IICA) that utilizes both quantitative (scored) and qualitative (narrative) data elements to characterize implementation integrity and consistency at both community coalition and school community levels.

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Background: Currently, the role of EGFR-TKIs as adjuvant therapy for stage I, especially IA NSCLC, after surgical resection remains unclear. We aimed to compare the effect of adjuvant EGFR-TKIs with observation in such patients by incorporating an established 14-gene molecular assay for risk stratification.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Study ID: ChNCRCRD-2022-GZ01).

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Article Synopsis
  • Gender diverse youth (GDY) face greater mental health challenges compared to their cisgender peers, but feeling supported by family, school, and community can help improve their well-being.
  • A study involving youth aged 12-19 revealed that cisgender youth reported the highest levels of perceived support, while GDY identified as either binary or nonbinary experienced the lowest support.
  • The findings highlight the need for more research and targeted interventions to enhance support for GDY, particularly in rural areas where their perceptions of support may differ.
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Background: Preventing nicotine use onset among children and youth is an important public health goal. One possible contributor that has received little empirical investigation is caffeine use. The goal of this study was to examine the possible contribution of caffeine to nicotine onset during early adolescence.

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Background: There is a great need for effective primary prevention intervention strategies to reduce and delay onset of adolescent substance use. The Icelandic Prevention Model (IPM) showed great success in Iceland over the past twenty plus years, however, evidence for the transferability of model is still somewhat limited. Using data collected in Tarragona during regional efforts to begin adoption of the IPM in Catalonia, this study tested the transferability and stability of the core risk and protective factor assumptions of the IPM overtime and examined trends of lifetime smoking, e-cigarette-use, alcohol-use, intoxication, and cannabis-use within the same time period.

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Background: Young people who experience higher levels of social support from their schools and families have been shown to be less likely to develop symptoms of negative mental health outcomes such as depression and anxiety. This raises questions concerning how young people's stress and psychological changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic as well as social support during this time have affected their overall mental health. The aim of this study was to assess the association between sources of parental- and school-level social support and youth perceptions of COVID-19-related emotional impact on mental health among early adolescent girls and boys in Appalachia.

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Preventing or delaying the onset of alcohol use among children and youth is an important public health goal. One possible factor in alcohol use onset among early adolescents is caffeine. The aim of this study was to assess the possible contribution of caffeine to the onset of alcohol use during early adolescence.

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Background: Alcohol use impairs psychosocial and neurocognitive development and increases the vulnerability of youth to academic failure, substance use disorders, and other mental health problems. The early onset of alcohol use in adolescents is of particular concern, forecasting substance abuse in later adolescence and adulthood. To date, evidence suggests that youth in rural areas are especially vulnerable to contextual and community factors that contribute to the early onset of alcohol use.

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Article Synopsis
  • Surgery for early-stage lung cancer is the best cure option, but 30-50% of patients still experience recurrence after complete tumor removal.
  • A study analyzed the genetic and immune profiles of recurrent lung tumors to better understand why this happens, revealing that recurrent tumors have more mutations and less immune activity compared to non-recurrent ones.
  • Key findings suggest that recurrent tumors show signs of genomic instability and impaired immune responses, which may help them evade the immune system and lead to recurrence post-surgery.*
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Background: Parental support (PS) and parental monitoring (PM) are known protective factors against adolescent substance use (SU). However, little is known about whether PS and PM may affect SU outcomes differently by gender and age. This study examined the relationship between PS and PM and adolescent SU, specifically alcohol and tobacco use, stratified by gender and age group.

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Background: A clinically-certified gene expression profile improved survival in a cohort of stage I-IIA NSCLC patients by identifying those likely to benefit from adjuvant intervention. EGFR mutation status has not provided this type of predictive risk discrimination in stage IA NSCLC, and overtreatment of low-risk stage IB patients may have limited the overall benefit seen recently in the adjuvant application of a third-generation TKI. We compared EGFR mutation data to molecular risk stratification in a prospective, early-stage cohort.

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There remains a critical need for improved staging of non-small-cell lung cancer, as recurrence and mortality due to undetectable metastases at the time of surgery remain high even after complete resection of tumors currently categorized as 'early stage.' A 14-gene quantitative PCR-based expression profile has been extensively validated to better identify patients at high-risk of 5-year mortality after surgical resection than conventional staging - mortality that almost always results from previously undetectable metastases. Furthermore, prospective studies now suggest a predictive benefit in disease-free survival when the assay is used to guide adjuvant chemotherapy decisions in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer patients.

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Background: Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare mesenchymal tumors most commonly arising from the pleura in the thoracic cavity. The impact of tumor size on risk of recurrence in thoracic SFTs is not well understood.

Methods: A single institution review was performed on all resected thoracic SFTs (1992-2019) with giant SFT defined as ≥ 15 cm.

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Iceland has witnessed a dramatic decline in adolescent substance use that may be partly the result of efforts related to the Icelandic prevention model (IPM). We sought to test risk and protective factor assumptions of the IPM using a prospective cohort study with 12 months separating baseline from follow-up. Participants were students in grades 8 and 9 in the national Icelandic school system enrolled in the spring of 2018 and 2019 (N=2165).

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Background: Students with chronic absences tend to struggle academically and may not benefit fully from all school has to offer. A positive school climate has been shown to reduce absenteeism and promote academic success. In this study, we explored how a positive school climate and high satisfaction with school may influence absences and academic performance.

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