Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Older Postmenopausal Women.

Background: Epidemiological studies have been inconsistent regarding an association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and risk of primary cardiovascular disease (CVD) events.

Methods: We studied 85,189 postmenopausal women (mean age 63 years at baseline) without known CVD at enrollment into the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (1993-1998). PPI use was determined from medication inventories at baseline and Year-3.

Association Between Healthy Eating Index-2020 and Oral Microbiome Among Postmenopausal Women.

Background: Dietary intake has been suggested to be associated with the oral microbiome, but no study has examined the association between overall diet quality and the oral microbiome.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional association between the Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020) and the diversity and composition of the oral microbiome among participants in the Buffalo Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease (OsteoPerio) Study.

Methods: In 1175 postmenopausal women (mean age: 67 ± 7.

Accuracy of self-reported treated hypertension in the women's health initiative: Comparisons with medication inventories.

Few studies have reported on the accuracy of self-reported hypertension history among older postmenopausal women, which was this study's objective. Participants were postmenopausal women enrolled in the Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease (OsteoPerio) study, an ancillary investigation of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS) at the Buffalo, New York, clinical site. Participants self-reported their history of physician diagnosed hypertension treated with medication at WHI-OS enrollment (1993-1998; n = 1342, mean age 63 years), then 3 years later at OsteoPerio enrollment (1997-2001; n = 1342), and again at OsteoPerio Year 5 follow-up (2002-2005; n = 1020).

Physical performance changes as clues to late-life blood pressure changes with advanced age: the osteoporotic fractures in men study.

Objectives: This study examined whether changes in late-life physical performance are associated with contemporaneous changes in blood pressure (BP) in older men.

Design: prospective cohort study over 7 years.

Setting And Participants: Physical performance (gait speed, grip strength, chair stand performance) and clinic-measured BP at baseline and at least one follow-up (year 7 or 9) were assessed in 3,135 men aged ≥65 y enrolled in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS).

Developing and evaluating the construct validity of a dietary pattern predictive of plasma TMAO and choline.

Background And Aims: The metabolism of choline (highly present in animal products) can produce trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite with atherosclerotic effects; however, dietary fiber may suppress this metabolic pathway. This study aimed to develop a dietary pattern predictive of plasma TMAO and choline concentrations using reduced rank regression (RRR) and to evaluate its construct validity.

Methods And Results: Diet and plasma concentrations of choline (μmol/L) and TMAO (μmol/L) were assessed in 1724 post-menopausal women who participated in an ancillary study within the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (1993-1998).

Accelerometry-assessed physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns using single- and multi-component latent class analysis among postmenopausal women.

Background: Patterns of physical activity and sedentary behavior among postmenopausal women are not well characterized.

Objectives: To describe the patterns of accelerometer-assessed physical activity and sedentary behavior among postmenopausal women.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Associations of Relative Intensity of Physical Activity With Incident Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality.

Background: The relative intensity of physical activity (PA) can be estimated as the percent of one's maximal effort required.

Methods: We compared associations of relative and absolute intensity PA with incident major cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in 5 633 women from the Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health Study (mean age 78.5 ± 6.

Systolic Blood Pressure and Survival to Very Old Age: Results From the Women's Health Initiative.

Background: The relationship between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and longevity is not fully understood. We aimed to determine which SBP levels in women ≥65 years of age with or without blood pressure medication were associated with the highest probability of surviving to 90 years of age.

Methods: The study population consisted of 16 570 participants enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative who were eligible to survive to 90 years of age by February 28, 2020, without a history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or cancer.

Correlates of physical activity and sedentary behavior among cancer survivors and cancer-free women: The Women's Health Accelerometry Collaboration.

Background: Describing correlates of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) among postmenopausal cancer survivors can help identify risk profiles and can be used to support development of targeted interventions to improve PA and reduce SB in this population.

Objective: To describe PA/SB and identify correlates of PA/SB among cancer and cancer-free post-menopausal women.

Methods: Women from the Women's Health Study (N = 16,629) and Women's Health Initiative/Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health Study (N = 6,079) were asked to wear an accelerometer on the hip for 7 days.

Association between dietary patterns and periodontal disease: The OsteoPerio cohort study.

Aim: To examine the association of dietary patterns with periodontal disease (PD) and its progression over 5 years.

Materials And Methods: Analyses involved 1197 post-menopausal women from the OsteoPerio cohort. Dietary patterns assessed include Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI), Alternative HEI (AHEI), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMed) at baseline (the average of two food frequency questionnaires administered between 1993 and 2001).

Defining Porphyromonas gingivalis strains associated with periodontal disease.

Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium commonly found in human subgingival plaque, is a major etiologic agent for periodontitis and has been associated with multiple systemic pathologies. Many P. gingivalis strains have been identified and different strains possess different virulence factors.

Development, validation, and transportability of several machine-learned, non-exercise-based VO prediction models for older adults.

Background: There exist few maximal oxygen uptake (VO) non-exercise-based prediction equations, fewer using machine learning (ML), and none specifically for older adults. Since direct measurement of VO is infeasible in large epidemiologic cohort studies, we sought to develop, validate, compare, and assess the transportability of several ML VO prediction algorithms.

Methods: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) participants with valid VO tests were included (n = 1080).

Prospective Associations of Accelerometer-Measured Machine-Learned Sedentary Behavior With Death Among Older Women: The OPACH Study.

Background: Sedentary behavior is a recognized mortality risk factor. The novel and validated convolutional neural network hip accelerometer posture algorithm highly accurately classifies sitting and postural changes compared with accelerometer count cut points. We examined the prospective associations of convolutional neural network hip accelerometer posture-classified total sitting time and mean sitting bout duration with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) death.

Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Heart Failure Risk in Women Aged 63 to 99 Years.

Importance: Heart failure (HF) prevention is paramount to public health in the 21st century.

Objective: To examine incident HF and its subtypes with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and reduced EF (HFrEF) according to accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary time.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a prospective cohort study, the Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health (OPACH) in Older Women study, conducted from March 2012 to April 2014.

Calibrating Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior for Hip-Worn Accelerometry in Older Women With Two Epoch Lengths: The Women's Health Initiative Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health Calibration Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop 60-second epoch accelerometer intensity cutpoints for vertical axis count and vector magnitude (VM) output from hip-worn tri-axial accelerometers among women 60-91 years. We also compared these cutpoints against cutpoints derived by multiplying 15-second epoch cutpoints by four.

Methods: Two hundred apparently healthy women wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer on their hip while performing a variety of laboratory-based activities that were sedentary (watching television, assembling a puzzle), low light (washing/drying dishes), high light (laundry, dust mopping), or MVPA (400-meter walk) intensity.

Discontinuation of hormone therapy and bone mineral density: does physical activity modify that relationship?

Objective: Hormone therapy can positively impact bone mineral density after menopause. We explored bone mineral density change in postmenopausal women who discontinued hormone therapy after the Women's Health Initiative landmark 2002 trial results were published. We secondarily explored whether usual physical activity modified the results.

Caregiving and all-cause mortality in postmenopausal women: Findings from the Women's Health Initiative.

Background: Caregiving is commonly undertaken by older women. Research is mixed, however, about the impact of prolonged caregiving on their health, well-being, and mortality risk. Using a prospective study design, we examined the association of caregiving with mortality in a cohort of older women.

Alcohol Consumption and the Diversity of the Oral Microbiome in Postmenopausal Women.

Background: Alcohol reduces neutrophil function and decreases salivary flow, which could affect the composition of the oral microbiome.

Objective: We hypothesized that the α- and β-diversity of the oral microbiome and the relative abundance of bacterial taxa would differ by frequency and type of alcohol consumption.

Methods: We used a food frequency questionnaire to assess the frequency of consumption of beer, wine, and liquor (drinks/week) in a sample of 1179 postmenopausal women in the Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease Study.

Menopausal hormone therapy and change in physical activity in the Women's Health Initiative hormone therapy clinical trials.

Objective: The menopausal transition results in a progressive decrease in circulating estrogen levels. Experimental evidence in rodents has indicated that estrogen depletion leads to a reduction of energy expenditure and physical activity. It is unclear whether treatment with estrogen therapy increases physical activity level in postmenopausal women.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes and risk of type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women.

Background: Although gestational diabetes mellitus and delivering high-birthweight infants are known to predict a higher risk of future type 2 diabetes mellitus, the association of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and other adverse pregnancy outcomes with type 2 diabetes mellitus is not well established.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the associations between different types of adverse pregnancy outcomes and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus among postmenopausal women.

Study Design: The Women's Health Initiative, a nationwide cohort of postmenopausal women, collected self-reported history of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm birth, and delivering low- birthweight (<2500 g) or high-birthweight (>4500 g) infants.