Publications by authors named "Michael J Frederick"
Contrafreeloading involves working unnecessarily to obtain a reward that is otherwise freely available. It has been observed in numerous species and can be adaptive when it provides an organism with updated information about available resources. Humans frequently update their knowledge of the environment through checking behaviors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Societal awareness of transgender individuals has led to increased acceptance and demand for sex-confirming surgery. In female to male transsexuals, the most common procedure is removal of breast tissue to masculinize the chest.
Methods: Eighty-eight transgender patients underwent either a subcutaneous nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) with or without a periareolar mastopexy or nipple reduction, or bilateral mastectomies with free nipple grafts (MFNG) with or without nipple reduction.
Background: An increasing number of women are candidates for nipple preservation with mastectomy. It is unclear how previous breast surgery impacts nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction.
Methods: A single-institution retrospective review was performed between June of 2007 and June of 2013.
Early development can have long-term effects on physiology and behavior. While severe disturbances predictably lead to dysfunction, recent work in humans and animals has led to a growing appreciation for the more subtle ways in which early conditions can modulate behavioral tendencies later in life. Life history theory predicts that early cues signaling a stressful or suboptimal environment might lead an organism to adopt a strategy favoring short-term gains and early reproduction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- A study evaluated the long-term risks associated with kidney donation from obese donors, finding no significant increase in renal dysfunction compared to non-obese donors over several years.
- Both donor groups showed reduced kidney function relative to matched two-kidney control subjects, but there were no major differences in health outcomes, except that obesity correlated with higher rates of hypertension and dyslipidemia.
- The findings support the continued use of healthy obese individuals as kidney donors while highlighting the importance of better health management and education for these donors post-surgery.