RADAR reference adult, pediatric, and pregnant female phantom series for internal and external dosimetry.

Unlabelled: A new generation of reference computational phantoms, based on image-based models tied to the reference masses defined by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) for dose calculations, is presented.

Methods: Anatomic models based on nonuniform rational b-spline modeling techniques were used to define reference male and female adults, 15-y-olds, 10-y-olds, 5-y-olds, 1-y-olds, newborns, and pregnant women at 3 stages of gestation, using the defined reference organ masses in ICRP publication 89. Absorbed fractions and specific absorbed fractions for internal emitters were derived using standard Monte Carlo radiation transport simulation codes.

Changes in radiation dose with variations in human anatomy: moderately and severely obese adults.

Unlabelled: The phantoms used in standardized dose assessment are based on a median (i.e., 50th percentile) individual of a large population, for example, adult males or females or children of a particular age.

Changes in radiation dose with variations in human anatomy: larger and smaller normal-stature adults.

Unlabelled: A systematic evaluation has been performed to study how specific absorbed fractions (SAFs) vary with changes in adult body size, for persons of different size but normal body stature.

Methods: A review of the literature was performed to evaluate how individual organ sizes vary with changes in total body weight of normal-stature individuals. On the basis of this literature review, changes were made to our easily deformable reference adult male and female total-body models.

RADAR realistic animal model series for dose assessment.

Unlabelled: Rodent species are widely used in the testing and approval of new radiopharmaceuticals, necessitating murine phantom models. As more therapy applications are being tested in animal models, calculating accurate dose estimates for the animals themselves becomes important to explain and control potential radiation toxicity or treatment efficacy. Historically, stylized and mathematically based models have been used for establishing doses to small animals.