Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug without Antibiotics for Acute Viral Infection Increases the Empyema Risk in Children: A Matched Case-Control Study.

Objective: To investigate the risk factors of empyema after acute viral infection and to clarify the hypothesized association(s) between empyema and some viruses and/or the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Study Design: A case-control study was conducted in 15 centers. Cases and controls were enrolled for a source population of children 3-15 years of age with acute viral infections between 2006 and 2009.

Pulmonary outcome and its correlates in school-aged children born with a gestational age ≤ 32 weeks.

Background: There is limited data regarding factors influencing the respiratory outcome at school age of ex-preterms born since the introduction of antenatal steroids, surfactant replacement together with less aggressive ventilation.

Objectives: To establish the main antenatal, neonatal and early childhood respiratory correlates of respiratory status in school-aged children born at ≤ 32 weeks of gestation.

Methods: Ex-preterm children born at ≤ 32 weeks of gestation between 1997 and 2001 at Bordeaux University Hospital were evaluated at school age, using a respiratory questionnaire and lung function tests (spirometry, plethysmography, exercise challenge test and CO lung diffusing capacity DLCO measurements).

Pharmacologically induced relaxation of tracheal smooth muscle is increased in hyperoxia-exposed 15-day-old rats.

Hyperoxia increases maximum airway contractility in newborn guinea pigs and immature rats. Studies examining the mechanisms of hyperoxia-induced airway hyperresponsiveness have focused on contractile mechanisms, although excessive airway narrowing could be due to impaired relaxation. Our objective was to determine the effects of hyperoxia on airway structure and relaxing properties in juvenile rats exposed to an inspired fraction of oxygen (FiO(2)) of 0.