The iliac bifurcation device for endovascular iliac aneurysm repair: indications, deployment options and results at 1-year follow-up of 25 cases.

Background: The iliac bifurcation device (William A Cook Australia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia) is a new endovascular device for iliac aneurysm repair. We review the indications for use, device characteristics, deployment options and the results of our case series.

Methods: The most common indication for deployment is endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) with common iliac aneurysm repair.

Physical law not natural selection as the major determinant of biological complexity in the subcellular realm: new support for the pre-Darwinian conception of evolution by natural law.

Before Darwin many biologists considered organic forms to be immutable natural forms or types which like inorganic forms such as atoms or crystals are part of a changeless world order and determined by physical law. Adaptations were viewed as secondary modifications of these 'crystal like' abstract afunctional 'givens of physics.' We argue here that much of the emerging picture of biological order in the subcellular realm resembles closely the pre-Darwinian conception of nature.

The protein folds as platonic forms: new support for the pre-Darwinian conception of evolution by natural law.

Before the Darwinian revolution many biologists considered organic forms to be determined by natural law like atoms or crystals and therefore necessary, intrinsic and immutable features of the world order, which will occur throughout the cosmos wherever there is life. The search for the natural determinants of organic form-the celebrated "Laws of Form"-was seen as one of the major tasks of biology. After Darwin, this Platonic conception of form was abandoned and natural selection, not natural law, was increasingly seen to be the main, if not the exclusive, determinant of organic form.