Publisher Correction: Metabolic characteristics of CD8 T cell subsets in young and aged individuals are not predictive of functionality.

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Metabolic characteristics of CD8 T cell subsets in young and aged individuals are not predictive of functionality.

Virtual memory T (T) cells are antigen-naïve CD8 T cells that exist in a semi-differentiated state and exhibit marked proliferative dysfunction in advanced age. High spare respiratory capacity (SRC) has been proposed as a defining metabolic characteristic of antigen-experienced memory T (T) cells, facilitating rapid functionality and survival. Given the semi-differentiated state of T cells and their altered functionality with age, here we investigate T cell metabolism and its association with longevity and functionality.

DExSI: a new tool for the rapid quantitation of 13C-labelled metabolites detected by GC-MS.

Summary: Stable isotope directed metabolomics is increasingly being used to measure metabolic fluxes in microbial, plant and animal cells. Incorporation of 13C/15N isotopes into a wide range of metabolites is typically determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) or other hyphenated mass spectrometry approaches. The DExSI (Data Extraction for Stable Isotope-labelled metabolites) pipeline is an interactive graphical software package which can be used to rapidly quantitate isotopologues for a wide variety of metabolites detected by GC/MS.

Leishmania carbon metabolism in the macrophage phagolysosome- feast or famine?

A number of medically important microbial pathogens target and proliferate within macrophages and other phagocytic cells in their mammalian hosts. While the majority of these pathogens replicate within the host cell cytosol or non-hydrolytic vacuolar compartments, a few, including protists belonging to the genus Leishmania, proliferate long-term within mature lysosome compartments.  How these parasites achieve this feat remains poorly defined.

Integration of Posttranscriptional Gene Networks into Metabolic Adaptation and Biofilm Maturation in Candida albicans.

The yeast Candida albicans is a human commensal and opportunistic pathogen. Although both commensalism and pathogenesis depend on metabolic adaptation, the regulatory pathways that mediate metabolic processes in C. albicans are incompletely defined.

High-content assay for measuring intracellular growth of Leishmania in human macrophages.

Leishmania species are sandfly-transmitted protozoan parasites that cause a spectrum of diseases, ranging from localized skin lesions to fatal visceral disease, in more than 12 million people worldwide. These parasites primarily target macrophages in their mammalian hosts and proliferate as non-motile amastigotes in the phagolysosomal compartment of these cells. High-throughput screens for measuring Leishmania growth within this intracellular niche are needed to identify host and parasite factors that are required for virulence and to identify new drug candidates.

Drug resistance in Giardia duodenalis.

Giardia duodenalis is a microaerophilic parasite of the human gastrointestinal tract and a major contributor to diarrheal and post-infectious chronic gastrointestinal disease world-wide. Treatment of G. duodenalis infection currently relies on a small number of drug classes.

Characterization of metabolically quiescent Leishmania parasites in murine lesions using heavy water labeling.

Information on the growth rate and metabolism of microbial pathogens that cause long-term chronic infections is limited, reflecting the absence of suitable tools for measuring these parameters in vivo. Here, we have measured the replication and physiological state of Leishmania mexicana parasites in murine inflammatory lesions using 2H2O labeling. Infected BALB/c mice were labeled with 2H2O for up to 4 months, and the turnover of parasite DNA, RNA, protein and membrane lipids estimated from the rate of deuterium enrichment in constituent pentose sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids, respectively.

Cell wall integrity is linked to mitochondria and phospholipid homeostasis in Candida albicans through the activity of the post-transcriptional regulator Ccr4-Pop2.

The cell wall is essential for viability of fungi and is an effective drug target in pathogens such as Candida albicans. The contribution of post-transcriptional gene regulators to cell wall integrity in C. albicans is unknown.

The essentials of protein import in the degenerate mitochondrion of Entamoeba histolytica.

Several essential biochemical processes are situated in mitochondria. The metabolic transformation of mitochondria in distinct lineages of eukaryotes created proteomes ranging from thousands of proteins to what appear to be a much simpler scenario. In the case of Entamoeba histolytica, tiny mitochondria known as mitosomes have undergone extreme reduction.

The protein import channel in the outer mitosomal membrane of Giardia intestinalis.

The identification of mitosomes in Giardia generated significant debate on the evolutionary origin of these organelles, whether they were highly reduced mitochondria or the product of a unique endosymbiotic event in an amitochondrial organism. As the protein import pathway is a defining characteristic of mitochondria, we sought to discover a TOM (translocase in the outer mitochondrial membrane) complex in Giardia. A Hidden Markov model search of the Giardia genome identified a Tom40 homologous sequence (GiTom40), where Tom40 is the protein translocation channel of the TOM complex.

The single mitochondrial porin of Trypanosoma brucei is the main metabolite transporter in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

All mitochondria have integral outer membrane proteins with beta-barrel structures including the conserved metabolite transporter VDAC (voltage dependent anion channel) and the conserved protein import channel Tom40. Bioinformatic searches of the Trypanosoma brucei genome for either VDAC or Tom40 identified a single open reading frame, with sequence analysis suggesting that VDACs and Tom40s are ancestrally related and should be grouped into the same protein family: the mitochondrial porins. The single T.