Clinical Trial Protocol for BEACH: A Phase 2a Study of MW189 in Patients with Acute Nontraumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Patients with acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) develop secondary neuroinflammation and cerebral edema that can further damage the brain and lead to increased risk of neurologic complications. Preclinical studies in animal models of acute brain injury have shown that a novel small-molecule drug candidate, MW01-6-189WH (MW189), decreases neuroinflammation and cerebral edema and improves functional outcomes. MW189 was also safe and well tolerated in phase 1 studies in healthy adults.

Cigarette health warning label compliance in Nigeria: A multi-city observational study.

Introduction: Tobacco remains the world's leading preventable cause of death, with the majority of tobacco-caused deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. The first global health treaty, the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), outlines a set of policy initiatives that have been demonstrated as effective in reducing tobacco use. Article 11 of the FCTC focuses on using the tobacco package to communicate tobacco-caused harms; it also seeks to restrict the delivery of misleading information on the pack about the product.

Beyond Gutka: Evidence of Illegal Smokeless Tobacco in Rural and Semi-urban Areas in India.

Introduction: Gutka, a popular smokeless tobacco (SLT) product combining chewing tobacco, areca nut, and spices, was banned by states in India beginning in 2012. Gutka can be recreated by the user mixing twin packets of tobacco and spice mixtures. We examine the availability of premixed gutka, the sale of twin packets (chewing tobacco and spice mixture sold together but in separate packets) and whether SLT was sold without legally mandated health warning labels (HWLs), without the printed maximum retail price (MRP), and above the MRP.

Health Warning Label Compliance for Smokeless Tobacco Products and Bidis in Five Indian States.

Background: The burden of tobacco use In India is very high. To inform users of harm, India has a strong health warning label law that applies to all tobacco products. This study examines the extent of compliance of health warning labels on smokeless tobacco (SLT) and bidi products with the Indian law.

Hypoxia Tolerance Declines with Age in the Absence of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase (MSR) in .

Unlike the mammalian brain, can tolerate several hours of hypoxia without any tissue injury by entering a protective coma known as spreading depression. However, when oxygen is reintroduced, there is an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that causes oxidative damage. Methionine sulfoxide reductase (MSR) acts to restore functionality to oxidized methionine residues.

The Market for Bidis, Smokeless Tobacco, and Cigarettes in India: Evidence From Semi-Urban and Rural Areas in Five States.

Compare the brand availability, pricing and presence of illicit products in semi-urban and rural areas in India across product types and states. In late 2017, 382 unique tobacco products were purchased from localities with populations under 50,000 in the states of Assam, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. Brand, printed maximum retail price, price paid, tax, and health warning labels (HWLs) were used to compare the market for bidis, smokeless tobacco (SLT), and cigarettes.

Machine-assessed tar yield marketing on cigarette packages from two cities in South Korea.

Introduction: South Koreans continue to smoke at high rates. Tobacco manufacturers have a history of branding cigarettes with misleading descriptors including the introduction of low or ultra-low tar brand variants. The government bans traditional misleading descriptors (low, mild) but requires the presence of machine-assessed tar yields on cigarette packages.

The Flavor Train: The Nature and Extent of Flavored Cigarettes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Introduction: Flavors and depictions of flavors are attractive and facilitate initiation and use of tobacco products. However, little is known about the types of flavored products on the market, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. We describe the nature and extent of flavored cigarettes sold in nine low- and middle-income countries from four of the six World Health Organization (WHO) regions.

Global review of tobacco product flavour policies.

Objective: We determined which countries prohibit flavoured tobacco products and the details of those restrictions in order to identify possible gaps and opportunities for these and other countries to address.

Methods: We reviewed the grey literature, scanned news articles and consulted with key informants and identified 11 countries and the European Union (EU) that ban or restrict tobacco product flavours. We reviewed policy documents for their stated policy rationale, terms and definitions of flavours, tobacco products covered and restrictions on the use of flavour imagery and terms on tobacco product packaging.