De novo gastroesophageal reflux disease after sleeve gastrectomy: role of preoperative silent reflux.

Background: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has become the most frequently performed bariatric procedure to date. However, LSG is known to worsen pre-operative and result in de novo gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Pre-operative evaluation reveals a high percentage of silent GERD of so far unknown influence on post-operative GERD.

Sentinel pigeon surveillance for West Nile virus by using lard-can traps at differing elevations and canopy cover classes.

Sentinel pigeons, Columba livia, were installed in lard-can traps at heights of 1.5 m and 7.6-9.

Diet preferences for specific fatty acids and their effect on composition of fat reserves in migratory Red-eyed Vireos (Vireo olivaceous).

Fatty acid composition of body fat in birds often differs between bird species and between seasons, and changes in diet may be responsible for this variation. We tested two related hypotheses using Red-eyed Vireos, a long-distance migratory songbird: (1) birds prefer diets with certain fatty acids, and (2) fatty acid composition of the diet primarily determines the composition of lipid reserves. During paired-choice experiments, vireos preferred semi-synthetic diets with triolein (81% digestive extraction efficiency) over diets with tristearin (54% digestive extraction efficiency) and, in general, ate more when offered diets with unsaturated fats compared to saturated fats.