The Quantification of Muscle Activation During the Loaded Carry Movement Pattern.

The 'loaded carry' is a popular resistance training activity that activates core musculature across multiple movement planes while the body is in locomotion. 'Hold' exercises are similar to carry exercises but lack the locomotive aspect. Both carry and hold exercises can be completed bilaterally (farmer's carry (FC) and hold (FH)) or unilaterally (suitcase carry (SC) and hold (SH)).

The Impact of the Cold Pressor Test on Inter-arm Differences in Blood Pressure.

A large inter-arm difference (IAD+; ≥10mmHg between arms at rest) in blood pressure (BP) at rest is linked to cardiovascular risk, and exercise can change this difference. As mechanisms for IAD are elusive, unique physiological stimuli may provide insight towards a better understanding of this phenomenon. The cold pressor test (CPT) has a potent effect on BP and acts primarily through sympathetic nervous system (SNS) stimulation, though the effects of SNS stimulation on IAD are unknown.

A Comparison of Muscle Recruitment Across Three Straight-Legged, Hinge-Pattern Resistance Training Exercises.

Hinge exercises are critical to building a balanced resistance training program in concert with 'knee-dominant' (e.g., squat, lunge) exercises.

Magnitude and significance of interarm blood pressure differences in children and adolescents.

Background: An interarm difference (IAD) in blood pressure (BP) of 10 mmHg or more is a potential cardiovascular risk factor in adults, given its association with cardiovascular events/mortality. In children and adolescents, accurate BP assessment is critical for identifying risk of end organ damage. However, IAD has not been systematically studied in paediatric patients; if present and of significant magnitude, measuring BP in only one arm could lead to misclassification of hypertensive status.

Sex differences in the association between PTSD symptoms with cardiac autonomic function and subclinical atherosclerotic risk.

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a public health concern that may elevate the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). There are established sex differences in both PTSD risk and CVD risk.

Purpose: To examine sex-specific associations between subclinical PTSD symptom severity and subclinical CVD risk in young men and women.

Characterization of resting and exercise inter-arm differences in SBP to isometric handgrip exercise in males and females.

Unlabelled: A large inter-arm difference (IAD; ≥10 mmHg) in SBP is linked to cardiovascular and peripheral vascular disease, hypertension, and premature mortality. Exercise-induced IAD (eIAD) is related to resting IAD, and acute aerobic activity alters eIAD and reduces IAD in recovery. Isometric handgrip exercise (IHE) affects blood pressure (BP), though the eIAD response to IHE is unknown.

Fat-Free Mass and the Balance Error Scoring System Predict an Appropriate Maximal Load in the Unilateral Farmer's Walk.

This study quantified and compared unilateral farmer's walk (UFW) performance in recreationally active males and females, and determined if additional variables allowed for the prediction of a maximal safe load. Anthropometric (height, body weight (BW), body mass index, body fat percentage, fat-free mass (FFM), and fat mass), muscular endurance (maximal duration side bridge), and balance (Balance Error Scoring System (BESS)) tests were completed. Participants performed a series of 20 s UFW trials (non-dominant side) at a cadence of 66 beats/min.

Stability of Resistance Training Implement alters EMG Activity during the Overhead Press.

Kettlebells often replace dumbbells during common resistance training exercises such as the overhead press. When performing an overhead press, the center of mass of a dumbbell is in line with the glenohumeral joint. In comparison, the center of mass of the kettlebell is posterior to the glenohumeral joint.

An acute bout of aerobic exercise alters interarm systolic blood pressure difference.

Background: Clinically, when a difference of at least 10 mmHg in systolic blood pressure (SBP) between arms exists, it is identified as an interarm systolic blood pressure difference (ISBPD). At rest, ISBPD is linked with hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, and increased premature mortality. Exercise may reveal underlying cardiovascular pathologies otherwise absent at rest.

Using a novel assessment of procedural proficiency provides medical educators insight into blood pressure measurement.

Objective: This investigation was performed to determine how students in a health sciences program utilize and explain techniques within blood pressure measurement using a novel assessment, and changes associated with greater curricular exposure.

Methods: An exploratory, qualitative and quantitative study was conducted using a 'Think Aloud' design with protocol analysis. Following familiarization, participants performed the task of measuring blood pressure on a reference subject while stating their thought processes.

Eight Weeks of Kettlebell Swing Training Does not Improve Sprint Performance in Recreationally Active Females.

The kettlebell swing (KBS), emphasizing cyclical, explosive hip extension in the horizontal plane, aligns with movement- and velocity-specificity of sprinting. The present study examined the effect of an eight-week KBS intervention on sprinting in recreationally-active females, in comparison to an eight-week intervention using the stiff-legged deadlift (SDL). Following a pre-testing session measuring 30 meter sprint and countermovement vertical jump performance, participants were divided evenly by sprint time into KBS (n=8) and SDL (n=10) cohorts.

Developing best practices teaching procedures for skinfold assessment: observational examination using the Think Aloud method.

Skinfold assessment is valid and economical; however, it has a steep learning curve, and many programs only include one exposure to the technique. Increasing the number of exposures to skinfold assessment within an undergraduate curriculum would likely increase skill proficiency. The present study combined observational and Think Aloud methodologies to quantify procedural and cognitive characteristics of skinfold assessment.

Effect of an acute bout of aerobic exercise on chemerin levels in obese adults.

Aims: Serum chemerin concentrations are elevated in obese individuals and may play a role in type 2 diabetes. Exercise improves insulin sensitivity, which may be related to changes in chemerin. This study explored how an acute bout of aerobic exercise affected chemerin levels in non-diabetic obese adults.

Multiple short bouts of exercise over 12-h period reduce glucose excursions more than an energy-matched single bout of exercise.

Objective: Long, uninterrupted bouts of sedentary behavior are thought to negatively influence postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. We examined the effects of a 1-h bout of morning exercise versus intermittent walking bouts of short duration on glucose excursions and insulin secretion over 12-h.

Materials/methods: Eleven young, obese individuals (18-35 years, BMI>30kg/m(2)) with impaired glucose tolerance were studied on three 12-h study days: 1) sedentary behavior (SED); 2) sedentary behavior with 1-h morning exercise (EX) at 60%-65% VO2peak; and 3) sedentary behavior with 12-hourly, 5-min intervals of exercise (INT) at 60%-65% VO2peak.

Cardiovascular and Metabolic Demads of the Kettlebell Swing using Tabata Interval versus a Traditional Resistance Protocol.

Unlabelled: Tabata (TAB) training, consisting of eight cycles of 20 seconds of maximal exercise followed by 10 seconds of rest, is time-efficient, with aerobic and anaerobic benefit. This study investigated the cardiovascular and metabolic demands of a TAB versus traditional (TRAD) resistance protocol with the kettlebell swing. Fourteen young (18-25y), non-obese (BMI 25.

Quantifying accurate calorie estimation using the "think aloud" method.

Objective: Clients often have limited time in a nutrition education setting. An improved understanding of the strategies used to accurately estimate calories may help to identify areas of focused instruction to improve nutrition knowledge.

Methods: A "Think Aloud" exercise was recorded during the estimation of calories in a standard dinner meal (415 kcal) in 15 nutrition-trained and 15 untrained subjects.

Do overweight and obese individuals select a "moderate intensity" workload when asked to do so?

The purpose of this study was (1) to determine if overweight/obese individuals (age 26-50 y) would self-select moderate exercise intensity when asked to do so and (2) to determine how this self-selected workload compared to exercising at a workload (60% peak aerobic capacity) that is known to provide cardioprotective health benefits. Oxygen consumption (VO(2)) and energy expenditure were measured in 33 men/women (BMI ≥ 27 kg/m(2)) who completed two 30 min walking bouts: (1) self-selected walking pace on an indoor track and (2) prescribed exercise pace (60% VO(2) peak) on a treadmill. The data revealed that (1) the prescribed intensity was 6% higher than the self-selected pace and elicited a higher energy expenditure (P < 0.