Indicators to support local public health to reduce the impacts of heat on health.

Heat exposure presents a significant weather-related health risk in England and Wales, and is associated with acute impacts on mortality and adverse effects on a range of clinical conditions, as well as increased healthcare costs. Most heat-related health outcomes are preventable with health protection measures such as behavioural changes, individual cooling actions, and strategies implemented at the landscape level or related to improved urban infrastructure. We review current limitations in reporting systems and propose ten indicators to monitor changes in heat exposures, vulnerabilities, heat-health outcomes, and progress on adaptation actions.

Impact of High Solar UV Radiant Exposures in Spring 2020 on SARS-CoV-2 Viral Inactivation in the UK.

Potential for SARS-CoV-2 viral inactivation by solar UV radiation in outdoor spaces in the UK has been assessed. Average erythema effective and UV-A daily radiant exposures per month were higher (statistically significant, P < 0.05) in spring 2020 in comparison with spring 2015-2019 across most of the UK, while irradiance generally appeared to be in the normal expected range of 2015-2019.

Ultraviolet radiation exposure during daylight Photodynamic Therapy.

Background: Daylight photodynamic therapy (dPDT) is an effective treatment for field-change actinic keratoses (AK), with similar efficacy to conventional PDT but lower patient pain scores. Whilst AK occur consequent to chronic solar ultraviolet (UV) exposure, paradoxically solar visible radiation is used during PDT.

Objectives: To investigate the nature and levels of UV exposure, both erythemal UV and UVA, occurring during dPDT.

Sunglass Filter Transmission and Its Operational Effect in Solar Protection for Civilian Pilots.

Introduction: The ocular effects of excess solar radiation exposure are well documented. Recent evidence suggests that ocular ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure to professional pilots may fall outside international guideline limits unless eye protection is used. Nonprescription sunglasses should be manufactured to meet either international or national standards.

Occupational Ocular UV Exposure in Civilian Aircrew.

Introduction: Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) increases with altitude; however, there are a number of other factors which may influence ocular exposure during flight. The aim of this study was to assess ocular UVR exposure of pilots in airline and off-shore helicopter operations on different aircraft types and to compare with exposure in a typical office environment.

Method: In-flight data were captured on equipment including a CCD array spectroradiometer on five return sector European airline flights and one transatlantic flight from London Gatwick in addition to four helicopter flights from Aberdeen Dyce airport.

Estimating Sun Exposure of Children in Day Care Nurseries in South Oxfordshire, UK.

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation and sunburn during childhood and adolescence is linked to increased risks of melanoma and basal cell carcinoma later in life. Infants and toddlers are thought to be unusually vulnerable to UVR because of lower levels of melanin, a thinner stratum corneum and a higher surface area/body mass ratio. The aim of this study was to assess variations in the available erythema effective radiant doses to young children in day care nurseries in South Oxfordshire, UK over 7 years between 2008 and 2014.

Measurements of pilots' occupational solar UV exposure.

It is known that ultraviolet radiation (UVR) increases by 10-12% every 1000 m altitude; UVR at the 10 000 m of typical cruise altitude for commercial aircraft may be 2-3 times higher than at ground level. Information on the levels of solar UV exposures is essential for the assessment of the occupational risk of pilots developing sun-related eye disorders and skin cancers. The aim of the study was to investigate how UV hazard exposures can be measured during flights so that the occupational dose can be ascertained and compared with international guidance.