Examination of macroscopic and microscopic lesions in IBDV-infected organs and molecular characterization of IBDV VP1 gene fragments obtained from commercial broiler farms in Indonesia.

Background And Aim: Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an infectious immunosuppressive disease that affects young chickens. Instead of strict biosecurity practices, vaccination is used to control IBD. However, the disease has not been effectively managed.

Comparative safety and efficacy of two bivalent vaccines containing Newcastle disease LaSota and avian influenza H9N2 Sidrap isolate formulated with different oil adjuvants.

Background And Aim: Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza (AI) are two devastating diseases of poultry, which cause great economic losses to the poultry industry and disrupt food security in our country. The use of ND-AI inactive bivalent vaccine is very effective and economical to prevent and control ND and AI disease. Bivalent ND LaSota-AI H9N2 vaccine is not yet available in Indonesia.

Epizootiology, Clinical Signs, and Phylogenetic Analysis of Fowl Adenovirus in Chicken Farms in Indonesia from 2018 to 2019.

Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) infection is an emerging problem in the world poultry industry, especially in broilers, as the causal agent of inclusion body hepatitis or hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome. From December 2017 to January 2019, we recorded 116 cases of suspected hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in chicken farms throughout Indonesia. Necropsy was done on each farm site with three to five freshly dead birds per farm.

Analysis of antibody response to an epitope in the haemagglutinin subunit 2 of avian influenza virus H5N1 for differentiation of infected and vaccinated chickens.

The H5N1 subtype of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus has been circulating in poultry in Indonesia since 2003 and vaccination has been used as a strategy to eradicate the disease. However, monitoring of vaccinated poultry flocks for H5N1 infection by serological means has been difficult, as vaccine antibodies are not readily distinguishable from those induced by field viruses. Therefore, a test that differentiates infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA) would be essential.

Reassortments among Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses Circulating in Indonesia, 2015-2016.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses have been circulating since 2003 in Indonesia, with major impacts on poultry health, severe economic losses, and 168 fatal laboratory-confirmed human cases. We performed phylogenetic analysis on 39 full-genome H5N1 virus samples collected during outbreaks among poultry in 2015-2016 in West Java and compared them with recently published sequences from Indonesia. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the hemagglutinin gene of all samples belonged to 2 genetic groups in clade 2.

Cloning and sequencing , , and genes to perform the genetic variability of bovine herpesvirus-1 from Indonesia.

Aim: Previous research has shown that bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) in Indonesia was closely related to subtype-1 based on genes. This study aimed to analyze the genetic variability of the BHV-1 isolated from the recent case in Indonesia not only based on but also other genes such as and and to study the homology and similarity of the sample to other BHV-1 isolated in other countries or regions.

Materials And Methods: Samples were drawn from the tracheal organ in recent field case and prepared for DNA extraction.

Molecular characterization of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase fragment gene of Newcastle disease virus isolated from periodically-vaccinated farms.

Background And Aim: Newcastle disease (ND) caused by avian paramyxovirus serotype-1 (APMV-1) is long known as an acute contagious and infectious disease of various bird species. Prior studies have acknowledged that the virus could cause up to 100% morbidity and mortality as well as reducing eggs production. In theory, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) in ND virus (NDV) is one of the surface glycoproteins that functions during the attachment, assembly, and maturation of the virus.

Field effectiveness of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 vaccination in commercial layers in Indonesia.

Although vaccination of poultry for control of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 has been practiced during the last decade in several countries, its effectiveness under field conditions remains largely unquantified. Effective HPAI vaccination is however essential in preventing incursions, silent infections and generation of new H5N1 antigenic variants. The objective of this study was to asses the level and duration of vaccine induced immunity in commercial layers in Indonesia.

Use of M2e ELISAs for longitudinal surveillance of commercial poultry in Indonesia vaccinated against highly pathogenic avian influenza.

In countries where highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 is endemic and controlled by vaccination, post-vaccination serological monitoring is essential to differentiate vaccinated poultry from those that are infected. The objectives of this study were to validate two experimental ELISAs that detect antibodies raised against the M2e protein of avian influenza virus that can be used for DIVA purposes. Results from the sM2e and tM2e ELISAs were compared with other conventional tests for the detection of H5N1influenza virus (virus isolation and RT-PCR) using samples collected from 16 commercial flocks in Indonesia.

Frequency and risk-factors analysis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Bali-cattle.

Cattle are known as the main reservoir of zoonotic agents verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli. These bacteria are usually isolated from calves with diarrhea and/or mucus and blood. Tolerance of these agents to the environmental conditions will strengthen of their transmission among livestock.

Defining "Sector 3" Poultry Layer Farms in Relation to H5N1-HPAI-An Example from Java, Indonesia.

To help guide surveillance and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5N1 (H5N1-HPAI), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 2004 devised a poultry farm classification system based on a combination of production and biosecurity practices. Four "Sectors" were defined, and this scheme has been widely adopted within Indonesia to guide national surveillance and control strategies. Nevertheless, little detailed research into the robustness of this classification system has been conducted, particularly as it relates to independent, small to medium-sized commercial poultry farms (Sector 3).