The efficacy of facial skeletal treatment options in the management of obstructive sleep apnea.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by intermittent cessation of breathing during sleep due to the collapse of oropharyngeal tissues. This review examines the role of craniofacial growth in OSA and evaluates the efficacy of orthodontic and orthognathic treatments. Maxillary expansion and orthognathic surgery have demonstrated significant reductions in sleep apneas and hypopneas, although they do not consistently achieve cure levels, particularly in the presence of obesity and connective tissue disorders.

Effects of counterclockwise bimaxillary advancement surgery and relapse on upper airway.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term volumetric changes of the upper airway compartments in response to counterclockwise bimaxillary advancement surgery with multi-piece maxillary osteotomy, and to analyse the relationship between the postoperative stability of the maxillomandibular skeletal complex, and the volumetric airway changes over-time.

Methodology: Twenty-seven sets of pre (T0), post (T1) and follow-up (T2) (20.15 months) CBCT scans were used.

Imaging of the Postoperative Jaws and Temporomandibular Joints.

Surgical procedures in the oral cavity and maxillofacial complex are diverse and involve multiple tissues unique to this region. These procedures are used to remove pathology and infection, restore function, optimize occlusal relationships, prosthetically replace teeth and temporomandibular joints, improve esthetics, and increase upper respiratory tract dimensions. Procedures in the oral cavity are often complicated by infection stemming from the naturally occurring oral flora, but can also be complicated iatrogenically.

Hydroxylapatite-collagen hybrid scaffold induces human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells to osteogenic differentiation in vitro and bone regrowth in patients.

Tissue engineering-based bone graft is an emerging viable treatment modality to repair and regenerate tissues damaged as a result of diseases or injuries. The structure and composition of scaffolds should modulate the classical osteogenic pathways in human stem cells. The osteoinductivity properties of the hydroxylapatite-collagen hybrid scaffold named Coll/Pro Osteon 200 were investigated in an in vitro model of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs), whereas the clinical evaluation was carried out in maxillofacial patients.

Spaceborne detection of localized carbon dioxide sources.

Spaceborne measurements by NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) at the kilometer scale reveal distinct structures of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO) caused by known anthropogenic and natural point sources. OCO-2 transects across the Los Angeles megacity (USA) show that anthropogenic CO enhancements peak over the urban core and decrease through suburban areas to rural background values more than ~100 kilometers away, varying seasonally from ~4.4 to 6.

Hydroxyapatite/Collagen Composite Is a Reliable Material for Malar Augmentation.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term results of cheekbone augmentation using porous hydroxyapatite granules mixed with microfibrillar collagen in a large group of patients.

Materials And Methods: Four hundred thirty patients who underwent zygomatic augmentation and intermaxillary osteotomy were evaluated clinically, radiologically, and histologically.

Results: Complications were found in 13 patients (1.

Pathophysiology and pharmacologic control of osseous mandibular condylar resorption.

Purpose: When osseous mandibular condylar resorption occurs there can be many different diagnoses: inflammatory arthritis, TMJ compression, trauma, hormone imbalances, and others. While each diagnosis has its own original inciting event, the pathophysiological pathway for articular bone loss is the same. The aim of this article is to review the relevant literature on condylar resorption and the use of pharmacotherapy to control arthritic erosions and resorption.

Oral contraceptive pill use and abnormal menstrual cycles in women with severe condylar resorption: a case for low serum 17beta-estradiol as a major factor in progressive condylar resorption.

Introduction: Progressive condylar resorption has been described for many years. Because condylar resorption favors women over men, many have thought that a prominent systemic factor for the pathogenesis of this disease might be related to sex hormones.

Methods: Over a 3-year period, 27 women without autoimmune disease came to our office for orthognathic surgical correction of their skeletal deformity secondary to severe condylar resorption.

Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) Experiment Version 3 data retrievals.

Version 3 of the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) experiment data set for some 30 trace and minor gas profiles is available. From the IR solar-absorption spectra measured during four Space Shuttle missions (in 1985, 1992, 1993, and 1994), profiles from more than 350 occultations were retrieved from the upper troposphere to the lower mesosphere. Previous results were unreliable for tropospheric retrievals, but with a new global-fitting algorithm profiles are reliably returned down to altitudes as low as 6.

Cloud identification in atmospheric trace molecule spectroscopy infrared occultation measurements.

High-resolution infrared nongas absorption spectra derived from the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) experiment are analyzed for evidence of the presence of cirrus clouds. Several nonspherical ice extinction models based on realistic size distributions and crystal habits along with a stratospheric sulfate aerosol model are fit to the spectra, and comparisons are made with different model combinations. Nonspherical ice models often fit observed transmission spectra better than a spherical Mie ice model, and some discrimination among nonspherical models is noted.