Capturing Catalyst Strain Dynamics during CO Oxidation.

Understanding the strain dynamic behavior of catalysts is crucial for the development of cost-effective, efficient, stable, and long-lasting catalysts. Using time-resolved Bragg coherent diffraction imaging at the fourth generation Extremely Brilliant Source of the European Synchrotron (ESRF-EBS), we achieved subsecond time resolution during chemical reactions. Upon investigation of Pt nanoparticles during CO oxidation, the three-dimensional strain profile highlights significant changes in the surface and subsurface regions, where localized strain is probed along the [111] direction.

Land cover changes across Greenland dominated by a doubling of vegetation in three decades.

Land cover responses to climate change must be quantified for understanding Arctic climate, managing Arctic water resources, maintaining the health and livelihoods of Arctic societies and for sustainable economic development. This need is especially pressing in Greenland, where climate changes are amongst the most pronounced of anywhere in the Arctic. Ice loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet and from glaciers and ice caps has increased since the 1980s and consequently the proglacial parts of Greenland have expanded rapidly.

Bragg coherent diffraction imaging with the CITIUS charge-integrating detector.

The CITIUS detector is a next-generation high-speed X-ray imaging detector. It has integrating-type pixels and is designed to show a consistent linear response at a frame rate of 17.4 kHz, which results in a saturation count rate of over 30 Mcps pixel when operating at an acquisition duty cycle close to 100%, and up to 20 times higher with special extended acquisition modes.

Evaluation of molnupiravir (EIDD-2801) efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 in the rhesus macaque model.

Molnupiravir (EIDD-2801) is a prodrug of a ribonucleoside analogue that is currently being used under a US FDA emergency use authorization for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19. We evaluated molnupiravir for efficacy as an oral treatment in the rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Twenty non-human primates (NHPs) were challenged with SARS-CoV-2 and treated with 75 mg/kg (n = 8) or 250 mg/kg (n = 8) of molnupiravir twice daily by oral gavage for 7 days.

Implementing a Toolkit to Improve the Education of Patients on Home-Based Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT).

Background: Patients discharged to the home on home-based outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) perform their own infusions and catheter care; thus, they require high-quality training to improve safety and the likelihood of treatment success. This article describes the study team's experience piloting an educational toolkit for patients on home-based OPAT.

Methods: An OPAT toolkit was developed to address barriers such as unclear communication channels, rushed instruction, safe bathing with an intravenous (IV) catheter, and lack of standardized instructions.

Determination of sub-ps lattice dynamics in FeRh thin films.

Understanding the ultrashort time scale structural dynamics of the FeRh metamagnetic phase transition is a key element in developing a complete explanation of the mechanism driving the evolution from an antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic state. Using an X-ray free electron laser we determine, with sub-ps time resolution, the time evolution of the (-101) lattice diffraction peak following excitation using a 35 fs laser pulse. The dynamics at higher laser fluence indicates the existence of a transient lattice state distinct from the high temperature ferromagnetic phase.

Failure modes and effects analysis to improve transitions of care in patients discharged on outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy.

Purpose: To identify barriers to safe and effective completion of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) in patients discharged from an academic medical center and to develop targeted solutions to potentially resolve or improve the identified barriers.

Summary: A failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) was conducted by a multidisciplinary OPAT task force to evaluate the processes for patients discharged on OPAT to 2 postdischarge dispositions: (1) home and (2) skilled nursing facility (SNF). The task force created 2 process maps and identified potential failure modes, or barriers, to the successful completion of each step.

Ice thickness and volume changes across the Southern Alps, New Zealand, from the little ice age to present.

Rapid changes observed today in mountain glaciers need to be put into a longer-term context to understand global sea-level contributions, regional climate-glacier systems and local landscape evolution. In this study we determined volume changes for 400 mountain glaciers across the Southern Alps, New Zealand for three time periods; pre-industrial "Little Ice Age (LIA)" to 1978, 1978 to 2009 and 2009 to 2019. At least 60 km ± 12 km or between 41 and 62% of the LIA total ice volume has been lost.

Molecular Profile of Locally Aggressive Well Differentiated Thyroid Cancers.

Knowledge of the genetic landscape of aggressive well differentiated thyroid cancers (WDTC) is lacking. Retrospective review of institutional database was performed to identify locally-invasive thyroid carcinomas and a comparison cohort of low-risk WDTC. ThyroSeq v2 next-generation sequencing was performed on available tissue.

Low-temperature molecular vapor deposition of ultrathin metal oxide dielectric for low-voltage vertical organic field effect transistors.

We demonstrate a low-temperature layer-by-layer formation of a metal-oxide-only (AlOx) gate dielectric to attain low-voltage operation of a self-assembly based vertical organic field effect transistor (VOFET). The AlOx deposition method results in uniform films characterized by high quality dielectric properties. Pin-hole free ultrathin layers with thicknesses ranging between 1.

Cell patterning using molecular vapor deposition of self-assembled monolayers and lift-off technique.

This paper reports a precise, live cell-patterning method by means of patterning a silicon or glass substrate with alternating cytophilic and cytophobic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) deposited via molecular vapor deposition. Specifically, a stack of hydrophobic heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyltrichlorosilane SAMs and a silicon oxide adhesion layer were patterned on the substrate surface, and a hydrophilic SAM derived from 3-trimethoxysilyl propyldiethylenetriamine was coated on the remaining non-treated areas on the substrate surface to promote cell growth. The primary characteristics of the reported method include: (i) single-cell resolution; (ii) easy alignment of the patterns with the pre-existing patterns on the substrate; (iii) easy formation of nanoscale patterns (depending on the exposure equipment); (iv) long shelf life of the substrate pattern prior to cell culturing; (v) compatibility with conventional, inverted, optical microscopes for simple visualization of patterns formed on a glass wafer; and (vi) the ability to support patterned cell (osteoblast) networks for at least 2 weeks.

Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of large neutral and basic amino acids in Macaca mulatta: diurnal variations and responses to chronic changes in dietary protein intake.

In rats, dietary protein intake influences brain concentrations of tryptophan, tyrosine, and other large neutral amino acids (LNAAs) and the neurotransmitters to which they are linked. Few experiments have examined these dietary protein-amino acid relationships in nonhuman primates, in relation to time of day or dietary protein content. We therefore examined the effect in monkeys of changes in chronic protein intake on 24-hour plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of LNAAs (tyrosine, phenylalanine, branched-chain amino acids) and basic amino acids.

Distribution of postpartum amenorrhea in rural Bangladeshi women.

Previous studies of postpartum amenorrhea (PPA) demonstrated distinct subgroups of women with short and long durations of amenorrhea. This phenomenon was attributed to cases where breastfeeding is absent because of pregnancy loss or infant death, or confusion of postpartum bleeding with resumption of menses. We explored these ideas using data from an 11-month prospective study in Bangladesh in which 858 women provided twice-weekly interviews and urine specimens for up to 9 months; 300 women were observed while experiencing PPA.

Reproductive measures, fitness, and migrating Mennonites: an evolutionary analysis.

Given the same reproductive span, more children with shorter interbirth intervals and less parental attention per child should not do as well. There should be intermediate optima in family sizes, but only two studies have demonstrated optima. The goal here is to determine whether the relationship between fitness and fertility is linear and whether this relationship masks underlying variation in reproductive behaviors in a Mennonite congregation that lived in two disease settings, Prussia/Russia vs.

Hormonal correlates for the initiation of breast-feeding in Bangladeshi women.

Hormonal changes that occur before or during parturition are known to trigger early postpartum maternal behaviors in many mammals. In humans, little evidence has been found for hormonal mediation of early postpartum maternal behavior. In this paper, we investigate associations between fetoplacental hormone concentrations in late pregnancy on the time from parturition to initiation of breast-feeding.

Shoot, ready, aim: pneumonia care quality and costs in a community hospital.

Mandatory community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) protocol usage was proposed in our community-based teaching hospital because of senior medical staff perceptions that excessive variation in CAP care was adversely affecting clinical outcomes and costs. The purpose of our study was to examine CAP process of care variation, outcomes, and costs to ascertain whether the mandatory CAP protocol could be justified. The study consisted of an analysis of administrative and sampled chart data.

Patterns for the initiation of breastfeeding in humans.

Establishment of lactation has important biological and emotional health consequences for the newborn. Even so, substantial variation within a culture and among different cultures is seen in the onset of breastfeeding. Parametric mixture models are used to explore this variation and to uncover general human patterns for the initiation of breastfeeding.