People with HIV often engage in risky alcohol use, which can accelerate neurocognitive decline, although the mechanisms behind this association (HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder - HAND) are still being studied.
Research has indicated that chronic binge alcohol consumption in SIV-infected macaques leads to behavioral issues and neuroinflammation, with some effects mitigated by antiretroviral therapy (ART).
The study explored how gene expression related to opioid, tachykinin, and endocannabinoid systems varied in both the frontal cortex and peripheral blood, revealing complex interactions between SIV, alcohol use, and ART, but did not find consistent changes between blood and brain gene expressions.