Risk Factors for Postoperative Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism Following Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty and Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) are common postoperative complications. This study retrospectively analyzes preoperative attributes as risk factors for DVT or PE following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Preoperative transfusion, age 65+, dyspnea with moderate exertion, body mass index (BMI) 24.

Psychological/behavioral interventions for emerging adults with chronic pain.

Background: Emerging adults, of whom significant numbers report chronic pain, are characterized as having unique needs and challenges. Psychological/behavioral treatments found to be beneficial for reducing pain outcomes in children and adults are understudied in emerging adults. Following a systematic review of the literature, our objective is to report on quantitative studies of psychological/behavioral interventions for chronic pain in emerging adults.

Risk Factors for Wound Complication following Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty.

This study assessed the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP), which provides data on 30-day post-operative complications from 500+ institutions, to identify risk factors for wound complications in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). Patients undergoing primary THA between 2010-2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients experiencing post-operative wound complications were stratified based on pre-operative characteristics.

Unplanned intubation after total hip and total knee arthroplasty: Assessing preoperative risk factors.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess preoperative patient attributes as risk factors for unplanned intubation after primary total knee and total hip arthroplasty.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of data collected from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Patients undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) or Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) who experienced postoperative intubation were included in the study.

Effect of nailing technique on length of stay in isolated ballistic femoral shaft fractures.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate length of stay, postoperative mobilization and discharge disposition following intramedullary nailing of ballistic femoral shaft fractures stratified by nailing technique.

Methods: All adult patients with isolated ballistic femoral shaft fractures between May 1, 2018, and September 1, 2021, were reviewed. The final cohort included 69 ballistic femur fractures in 69 patients.

Autonomous lumbar spine pedicle screw planning using machine learning: A validation study.

Introduction: Several techniques for pedicle screw placement have been described including freehand techniques, fluoroscopy assisted, computed tomography (CT) guidance, and robotics. Image-guided surgery offers the potential to combine the benefits of CT guidance without the added radiation. This study investigated the ability of a neural network to place lumbar pedicle screws with the correct length, diameter, and angulation autonomously within radiographs without the need for human involvement.

Preoperative risk factors for postoperative pneumonia following primary Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate risk factors for pneumonia following THA and TKA.

Methods: Patients were identified from the American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Database (NSQIP) who experienced postoperative pneumonia after undergoing primary THA and TKA.

Results: Many characteristics including old age, anemia, diabetes, cardiac comorbidities, dialysis, and smoking were independent risk factors for postoperative pneumonia after THA or TKA.

Inter- and intraobserver reliability assessment of the 2018 AO/OTA classification for high-energy pelvic ring injuries: A retrospective study.

Background: A fracture classification system should be a reliable and reproducible means of communication between different observers. It should be logical, comprehensible, and shouldn't contain an unmanageable number of categories. The aim of this study was to assess the intra- and interobserver agreement and reliability of the revised 2018 AO/OTA classification for high-energy pelvic ring injuries (PRI), at the level of the types, groups, subgroups and qualifications.

Incidence rate and topography of intra-pelvic arterial lesions associated with high-energy blunt pelvic ring injuries: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the rate and topography of intra-pelvic arterial lesions associated with high-energy blunt pelvic ring injuries (PRI).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a level I trauma center serving 500,000 inhabitants. A total of 127 consecutive patients with high-energy blunt PRI were included between January 1st, 2014 and December 31st, 2017.

Preoperative risk factors for postoperative cardiac arrest following primary total hip and knee arthroplasty: A large database study.

Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) has been identified as a potential complication following Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) and Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). This retrospective, case-controlled study aims to identify risk factors in order to improve the management of patients undergoing THA or TKA with known preoperative comorbidities.

Methods: CPT codes were used to investigate the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database for patients who underwent THA or TKA from 2010 to 2017.

Changes in femoral offset is not associated with increased incidence of lateral hip pain following total hip arthroplasty.

Purpose: Increased femoral offset following total hip arthroplasty allows for greater stability of the hip joint. However, the increase in femoral offset can cause an impingement of local structures resulting in persistent lateral hip pain. There is conflicting evidence whether changes in femoral offset increases the rates of lateral hip pain following total hip arthroplasty.

Dynamic Changes in EEG Power Spectral Densities During NIH-Toolbox Flanker, Dimensional Change Card Sort Test and Episodic Memory Tests in Young Adults.

Much is known about electroencephalograph (EEG) patterns during sleep, but until recently, it was difficult to study EEG patterns during conscious, awake behavior. Technological advances such as powerful wireless EEG systems have led to a renewed interest in EEG as a clinical and research tool for studying real-time changes in the brain. We report here the first normative study of EEG activity while healthy young adults completed a series of cognitive tests recently published by the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognitive Battery (NIH-TCB), a commonly-used standardized measure of cognition primarily used in clinical populations.

Impaired cerebellar plasticity and eye-blink conditioning in calpain-1 knock-out mice.

Calpain-1 and calpain-2 are involved in the regulation of several signaling pathways and neuronal functions in the brain. Our recent studies indicate that calpain-1 is required for hippocampal synaptic plasticity, including long-term depression (LTD) and long-term potentiation (LTP) in field CA1. However, little is known regarding the contributions of calpain-1 to cerebellar synaptic plasticity.

Tracking Lithium Ions via Widefield Fluorescence Microscopy for Battery Diagnostics.

Direct tracking of lithium ions with time and spatial resolution can provide an important diagnostic tool for understanding mechanisms in lithium ion batteries. A fluorescent indicator of lithium ions, 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)naphthoxazole, was synthesized and used for real-time tracking of lithium ions via widefield fluorescence microscopy. The fluorophore can be excited with visible light and was shown to enable quantitative determination of the lithium ion diffusion constant in a microfluidic model system for a plasticized polymer electrolyte lithium battery.

The search for the engram in eyeblink conditioning: A synopsis of past and present perspectives on the role of the cerebellum.

One of the most prolific behavioral neuroscientists of his generation, Richard F. Thompson published more than 450 research articles during his almost 60-year career before his death in 2014. The breadth and reach of his scholarship has extended to a large multidisciplinary audience of scientists.

Ovarian hormones, aging and stress on hippocampal synaptic plasticity.

The ovarian steroid hormones estradiol and progesterone regulate a wide variety of non-reproductive functions in the central nervous system by interacting with molecular and cellular processes. A growing literature from studies using rodent models suggests that 17β-estradiol, the most potent of the biologically relevant estrogens, enhances synaptic transmission and the magnitude of long-term potentiation recorded from in vitro hippocampal slices. In contrast, progesterone has been shown to decrease synaptic transmission and reduce hippocampal long-term potentiation in this model system.

Regulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity by estrogen and progesterone.

Accumulating evidence indicates that the ovarian steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone regulate a wide variety of nonreproductive functions in the central nervous system by interacting with several molecular and cellular processes. A growing literature reporting results obtained in rodent models suggests that 17beta-estradiol, the most potent of the biologically relevant estrogens, facilitates some forms of learning and memory, and in particular, those involving hippocampus-dependent tasks. Hippocampal long-term potentiation and long-term depression of synaptic transmission are types of synaptic plasticity that have been extensively studied, as they are considered as cellular models of memory formation in the brain.

Differential effects and rates of normal aging in cerebellum and hippocampus.

Cognitive functions show many alternative outcomes and great individual variation during normal aging. We examined learning over the adult life span in CBA mice, along with morphological and electrophysiological substrates. Our aim was to compare cerebellum-dependent delay eyeblink classical conditioning and hippocampus-dependent contextual fear conditioning in the same animals using the same conditioned and unconditioned stimuli for eyeblink and fear conditioning.

17-Beta-estradiol increases neuronal excitability through MAP kinase-induced calpain activation.

17-Beta-estradiol (E2) is a steroid hormone involved in numerous brain functions. E2 regulates synaptic plasticity in part by enhancing NMDA receptor function and spine density in the hippocampus, resulting in increased long-term potentiation and facilitation of learning and memory. As the calcium-dependent neutral protease, calpain, is also involved in these processes, we tested whether E2 could activate calpain and examined the functional consequences of E2-mediated calpain activation in hippocampus.

Estrogen and hippocampal plasticity in rodent models.

Accumulating evidence indicates that ovarian hormones regulate a wide variety of non-reproductive functions in the central nervous system by interacting with several molecular and cellular processes. A growing animal literature using both adult and aged rodent models indicates that 17beta-estradiol, the most potent of the biologically relevant estrogens, facilitates some forms of learning and memory, in particular those that involve hippocampal-dependent tasks. A recently developed triple-transgenic mouse (3xTg-AD) has been widely used as an animal model of Alzheimer's disease, as this mouse exhibits an age-related and progressive neuropathological phenotype that includes both plaque and tangle pathology mainly restricted to hippocampus, amygdala and cerebral cortex.

Progesterone regulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity in rodent hippocampus.

Ovarian hormones influence memory formation by eliciting changes in neural activity. The effects of various concentrations of progesterone (P4) on synaptic transmission and plasticity associated with long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) were studied using in vitro hippocampal slices. Extracellular studies show that the highest concentration of P4 tested (10(-6) M) decreased the baseline synaptic transmission and magnitude of LTP, but did not affect LTD.