Racial and ethnic disparities in time to first antidepressant medication or psychotherapy.

Time from first DSM4 major depressive episode (MDE) until treatment in the community was compared across racial/ethnic groups. This secondary analysis used structured baseline data from a depression research clinic (N = 260). Chi-square and survival analyses compared rates and delays to antidepressant medication and psychotherapy.

Avoidant attachment transmission to offspring in families with a depressed parent.

Background: Insecure attachment is associated with mental health morbidity. We explored associations between parent and offspring attachment style in a longitudinal study of families with a depressed parent.

Methods: Parents (N = 169) with a DSM-IV mood disorder and their adult offspring (N = 267), completed the Adult Attachment Questionnaire at one or more time points during up to 9.

International pooled patient-level meta-analysis of ketamine infusion for depression: In search of clinical moderators.

Depression is disabling and highly prevalent. Intravenous (IV) ketamine displays rapid-onset antidepressant properties, but little is known regarding which patients are most likely to benefit, limiting personalized prescriptions. We identified randomized controlled trials of IV ketamine that recruited individuals with a relevant psychiatric diagnosis (e.

Blood-based biomarkers of antidepressant response to ketamine and esketamine: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

(R,S)-ketamine (ketamine) and its enantiomer (S)-ketamine (esketamine) can produce rapid and substantial antidepressant effects. However, individual response to ketamine/esketamine is variable, and there are no well-accepted methods to differentiate persons who are more likely to benefit. Numerous potential peripheral biomarkers have been reported, but their current utility is unclear.

Relationship of Brain Glutamate Response to D-Cycloserine and Lurasidone to Antidepressant Response in Bipolar Depression: A Pilot Study.

N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate-receptor (NMDAR) antagonists such as ketamine have demonstrated efficacy in both major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder depression (BP-D). We have previously reported that reduction in Glx (glutamate + glutamine) in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex (vmPFC/ACC), measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H MRS) at 3T during a ketamine infusion, mediates the relationship of ketamine dose and blood level to improvement in depression. In the present study, we assessed the impact of D-cycloserine (DCS), an oral NMDAR antagonist combined with lurasidone in BP-D on both glutamate and Glx.

Impact of midazolam vs. saline on effect size estimates in controlled trials of ketamine as a rapid-acting antidepressant.

The goal of this study was to infer the effectiveness of midazolam as a comparator in preserving the blind in ketamine studies for mood disorders through patient-level analyses of efficacy trial outcomes. In this integrative data analysis (k = 9, N = 367 patients with mood disorders), clinical outcomes were compared across four groups: ketamine (midazolam-controlled), ketamine (saline-controlled), midazolam, and saline. Ketamine doses ranged from 0.

Revising , Fifth Edition, criteria for the bipolar disorders: Phase I of the AREDOC project.

Objective: To derive new criteria sets for defining manic and hypomanic episodes (and thus for defining the bipolar I and II disorders), an international Task Force was assembled and termed AREDOC reflecting its role of Assessment, Revision and Evaluation of DSM and other Operational Criteria. This paper reports on the first phase of its deliberations and interim criteria recommendations.

Method: The first stage of the process consisted of reviewing , and recent International Classification of Diseases criteria, identifying their limitations and generating modified criteria sets for further in-depth consideration.

Acute hypertensive crisis and severe headache after concurrent use of armodafinil and tranylcypromine: Case report and review of the literature.

Concurrent use of modafinil or armodafinil with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) is contraindicated due to a theoretical risk of drug synergism and acute hypertensive episodes. However, few data are available to substantiate that risk, and several case studies have suggested that the combination is safe. To our knowledge, we present the first case of a patient treated concurrently with armodafinil and tranylcypromine.

Molecular basis of atypicality of bupropion inferred from its receptor engagement in nervous system tissues.

Despite decades of clinical use and research, the mechanism of action (MOA) of antidepressant medications remains poorly understood. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are the most commonly prescribed antidepressants-atypical antidepressants such as bupropion have also proven effective, while exhibiting a divergent clinical phenotype. The difference in phenotypic profiles presumably lies in the differences among the MOAs of SSRIs/SNRIs and bupropion.