Low-energy differential target multiplexed SCS derivative reduces pain and improves quality of life through 12 months in patients with chronic back and/or leg pain.

Introduction: Energy-reducing spinal cord stimulation (SCS) approaches have the potential to impact patient experience with rechargeable and non-rechargeable SCS devices through reducing device recharge time or enhancing device longevity. This prospective, multi-center study evaluated the safety, effectiveness, and actual energy usage of differential target multiplexed (DTM) endurance therapy, a reduced energy DTM SCS derivative.

Methods: Subjects who reported an overall pain visual analog score (VAS) of ≥6/10 cm and an Oswestry Disability Index score of 21-80 out of 100 at baseline with moderate to severe chronic, intractable back and/or leg pain were eligible.

Racial capitalism and firearm violence: Developing a theoretical framework for firearm violence research examining structural racism.

Despite the early promise of centering structural racism in explanatory models of firearm violence, there are noticeable gaps in what's been produced thus far; in particular, a deeper and more serious engagement with long-standing theories of racism is needed to further enrich our understanding of how structural inequalities produce unequal burdens of firearm-related harms. Thus, building on theories and concepts from a range of academic fields and Black philosophical perspectives, we developed a theoretical framework to help explain the role of place-based structural racism on firearm violence disparities. A central component of our framework is the concept racial capitalism, which contends that racial exploitation and the accumulation of assets depend on and reinforce one another.

Influence of structural racism on cancer health disparities: Tailoring measures relevant to multiple myeloma.

This commentary highlights a need for comprehensive measures of structural racism tailored to cancer health disparities, in particular Black-White disparities in multiple myeloma (MM). Recent political and social calls and advances in the ability to quantitate structural racism have led to rapidly growing research on the health consequences of structural racism. However, to date, most studies have used unidimensional measures of structural racism that do not capture cumulative influences or enable the identification of factors most responsible for driving disparities.

Segregated Patterns of Hospital Care Delivery and Health Outcomes.

Importance: Residential segregation has been shown to be a root cause of racial inequities in health outcomes, yet little is known about current patterns of racial segregation in where patients receive hospital care or whether hospital segregation is associated with health outcomes. Filling this knowledge gap is critical to implementing policies that improve racial equity in health care.

Objective: To characterize contemporary patterns of racial segregation in hospital care delivery, identify market-level correlates, and determine the association between hospital segregation and health outcomes.

'My neighbourhood is fuzzy, not hard and fast': Individual and contextual associations with perceived residential neighbourhood boundaries among ageing Americans.

Neighborhoods are fluid social and spatial constructs that vary by person and place. How do residential neighborhoods shift as people age? This mixed-method study investigates how perceived neighborhood boundaries and size vary by individual and contextual characteristics. Semi-structured interviews with 125 adults aged 55-92 living in the Minneapolis (Minnesota) metropolitan area suggested that neighborhood boundaries are "fuzzy".

Unconventional Approach: Steroid Treatment for Eosinophilic Myocarditis Despite Negative Endomyocardial Biopsy.

Eosinophilic myocarditis (EM) is a rare type of myocarditis that can present acutely with rapidly progressing symptoms leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality. EM is defined by eosinophilic infiltration of the myocardium and can be difficult to diagnose even with gold-standard techniques, such as endomyocardial biopsy (EMB), given the possibility of patchy myocardial infiltration. Here, we present a case of idiopathic EM complicated by a cardiac arrest that was empirically treated with high-dose intravenous steroids after negative EMB.

Policing and Population Health: Past, Present, and Future.

Policy Points A growing body of research suggests that policing, as a form of state-sanctioned racial violence, operates as a social determinant of population health and racial or ethnic health disparities. A lack of compulsory, comprehensive data on interactions with police has greatly limited our ability to calculate the true prevalence and nature of police violence. While innovative unofficial data sources have been able to fill these data gaps, compulsory and comprehensive data reporting on interactions with police, as well as considerable investments in research on policing and health, are required to further our understanding of this public health issue.

Neighborhood 'Disamenities': local barriers and cognitive function among Black and white aging adults.

Background: This study examined the association between cognitive function and three neighborhood 'disamenities' that may pose local barriers to utilizing community resources and increase risk for cognitive decline.

Method: Using national data from 21,165 urban- and suburban-dwelling Black and white adults (mean age: 67 years) in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study, we assessed global cognitive function through a factor score of five cognitive screening tests. General Additive Mixed Models (GAMM) tested whether residing in areas with more polluting sites, highways, and limited walkability was associated with worse cognitive function.

Consensus Guidelines on Interventional Therapies for Knee Pain (STEP Guidelines) from the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience.

Knee pain is second only to the back as the most commonly reported area of pain in the human body. With an overall prevalence of 46.2%, its impact on disability, lost productivity, and cost on healthcare cannot be overlooked.

Iraq/Afghanistan war lung injury reflects burn pits exposure.

This descriptive case series retrospectively reviewed medical records from thirty-one previously healthy, war-fighting veterans who self-reported exposure to airborne hazards while serving in Iraq and Afghanistan between 2003 and the present. They all noted new-onset dyspnea, which began during deployment or as a military contractor. Twenty-one subjects underwent non-invasive pulmonary diagnostic testing, including maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) and impulse oscillometry (IOS).

Acute COVID-19 Pneumonia Unmasking a Large Left Atrial Myxoma.

This is a case of acute coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia that revealed an incidental large atrial myxoma with obstructive physiology that ultimately required emergent treatment with a definitive atriotomy and resection of the underlying myxoma.

Cognability: An Ecological Theory of neighborhoods and cognitive aging.

While a growing body of evidence points to potentially modifiable individual risk factors for dementia, the built and social environments in which people develop and navigate cognitive decline are largely overlooked. This paper proposes a new theoretical concept, Cognability, to conceptualize how supportive an area is to cognitive health among aging residents. Cognability incorporates a constellation of both positive and negative neighborhood features related to physical activity, social interaction and cognitive stimulation in later life.

Unusual presentation of infection in an immunocompetent patient.

Introduction: infections are being increasingly reported in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. We describe a case of infection with an atypical presentation in an immunocompetent patient.

Case Presentation: A previously healthy 47-year-old gentleman presented with hiccups and paroxysmal spasms.

Effects of midsole cushioning stiffness on Achilles tendon stretch during running.

Footwear midsole material can have a direct influence on running performance. However, the exact mechanism of improved performance remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if Achilles tendon energetics could potentially play a role in the performance improvements, by testing if changes in footwear midsole stiffness elicit changes in Achilles tendon stretch.

Walkable Neighborhoods and Cognition: Implications for the Design of Health Promoting Communities.

This study seeks to examine neighborhood characteristics, physical activity, and health status and their roles in promoting healthy cognitive aging. Using data from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Difference in Stroke (REGARDS) study (=10,289, mean age=73.4 years), we used multilevel linear regression to examine the relationships between walkable neighborhoods (both objectively measured and subjective perceptions), walking behavior, physical activity, health status, and cognitive function.

The influence of midsole shear on running economy and smoothness with a 3D-printed midsole.

The objectives of this study were to first determine whether a newly designed 3D-printed midsole, configured with a mechanism to increase anterior-posterior deformation, could increase anterior midsole shear during the stance phase of running. We then wanted to determine whether these shoes could affect running economy and smoothness. Two footwear conditions, differing in midsole technology, were used in this study.

Algorithmic Approach to the Diagnosis of Organizing Pneumonia: A Correlation of Clinical, Radiologic, and Pathologic Features.

Organizing pneumonia (OP), characterized histopathologically by patchy filling of alveoli and bronchioles by loose plugs of connective tissue, may be seen in a variety of conditions. These include but are not limited to after an infection, drug reactions, radiation therapy, and collagen vascular diseases. When a specific cause is responsible for this entity, it is referred to as "secondary OP.

Structural Racism and Quantitative Causal Inference: A Life Course Mediation Framework for Decomposing Racial Health Disparities.

Quantitative studies of racial health disparities often use static measures of self-reported race and conventional regression estimators, which critics argue is inconsistent with social-constructivist theories of race, racialization, and racism. We demonstrate an alternative counterfactual approach to explain how multiple racialized systems dynamically shape health over time, examining racial inequities in cardiometabolic risk in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. This framework accounts for the dynamics of time-varying confounding and mediation that is required in operationalizing a "race" variable as part of a social process () rather than a separable, individual characteristic.

Teleprogramming Service Provides Safe and Remote Stimulation Options for Patients with DRG-S and SCS Implants.

Background: Chronic pain patients implanted with a neurostimulation device typically require follow-up and device programming visits to address changes in symptoms or treatment. Follow-up visits require access to specialty care and necessitate patients to take time off work, commute long distances, arrange for travel, and/or work with a caregiver's schedule. Telemedicine was adopted for some patient management as a result of the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic; however, remote optimization for neuromodulation still required an in-person visit to adjust device parameters.

Linking History to Contemporary State-Sanctioned Slow Violence through Cultural and Structural Racism.

Environmental scientists started documenting the racial inequities of environmental exposures (e.g., proximity to waste facilities or to industrial pollution) in the 1970s and 1980s.

Can Neighborhood Social Infrastructure Modify Cognitive Function? A Mixed-Methods Study of Urban-Dwelling Aging Americans.

Socialization predicts cognitive aging outcomes. Neighborhoods may facilitate socially engaged aging and thus shape cognition. We investigated places where older adults socialized and whether availability of these sites was associated with cognitive outcomes.

An epigenetic switch regulates the ontogeny of AXL-positive/EGFR-TKi-resistant cells by modulating miR-335 expression.

Despite current advancements in research and therapeutics, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. This is mainly due to the resistance that patients develop against chemotherapeutic agents over the course of treatment. In the context of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) harboring EGFR-oncogenic mutations, augmented levels of AXL and GAS6 have been found to drive resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as Erlotinib and Osimertinib in certain tumors with mesenchymal-like features.